摘要
塔里木河流域较明显的增湿出现在近20 a,流域平原地区近10 a略有暖干化的迹象;20世纪90年代是流域山区近40 a来最暖湿的阶段,在天山南麓中西部山区和帕米尔高原一带90年代增湿幅度大,西昆仑山北坡一带近20 a降水变化很小。塔里木河流域4条源流出山口多年平均径流量为227.0×108m3,从年代际尺度看,50-80年代基本接近多年平均值,而90年代受山区增暖变湿影响,4条源流径流量达241.9×108m3,增幅6.6%。由于源流区人类活动的影响和粗放型农业,近50 a来补给塔里木河干流的源流条数和水量不断减少,加之塔里木河干流上中游区间耗水量大,导致下游水量减少,生态急剧恶化。
Climatic warming has been significant in the plains in the Tarim River Basin since recent 10 years, precipitation has been significantly increased in the basin since recent 20 years but decreased in the most plains; the 1990s was the warmest period in the mountainous regions since recent 40 years, the increase of precipitation was significant in the southern piedmont of the west Tianshan Mountains and the Pamirs in the 1990s, and the change of precipitation is not so significant in the west Kunlun Mountains since recent 20 years. The annual runoff volume of the 4 main head streams in the Tarim River Basin is 2.227×10^10 m^3, and at decade scale it was close to the average during the period from the 1950s to the 1980s. However, the annual runoff volume of the 4 head streams in the 1990s was 2.419×10^10 m^3 because of the effects of both temperature and precipitation increase in the mountainous regions, and it was increased by 6.6%. The head streams recharging the mainstream of the Tarim River and their runoff volumes are continuously reduced due to the impacts of human activities and the extensive cultivation in the head stream areas as well as the serious water consumption in the upper and middle reaches of mainstream of the Tarim River. Thus, the inflow of lower reaches of the Tarim River is sharply reduced, a drawdown of groundwater level occurs in the lower reaches, and the ecological environment is seriously degenerated. Therefore, some policies and measures including the engineering measures and administrative, economic, scientific and technological means are suggested for improving the ecological environment in the Tarim River Basin.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第2期195-202,共8页
Arid Zone Research
基金
科技部社会公益研究专项"塔里木河流域气候暖湿化及人类活动对地表水资源的影响"资助
关键词
气候变化
人类活动
径流量
环境恶化
塔里木河流域
the Tarim River Basin
climatic warming
degeneration
comprehensive rehabilitation.precipitation increase
runoff volume
environment
