摘要
不少今哲颇褒公孙龙的“白马非马”(P)论题,而冯友兰大师则较为跟随古哲,颇贬P。本文赞同后者。公孙龙说:“白马非马”(P),或“懒(不捕鼠的)猫非猫”(Q),人们都把P、R的“非”解作“不是”而不能解作“异于”、“不等于”,因语言乃“约定俗成”,所以P、Q皆假。至于“鲸鱼非鱼”(R),在“鱼”的词义未被“理性修订”之前,R也是假句。虽然公孙龙从论据正确地建立“白马异于马”,但当他再从“异于”推论“白马非马”时,推论明显不正确,犯“窜改词义”谬误。
Quite a few contemporary philosophers approve Gong Sun-long＇s ＂A white horse is not a horse ＂ claim （P）, yet Master Feng You-lan rather follow the ancient philosophers-disapproving （P）. This paper approves the latter. Gong Sun-long holds the view that people explain ＂not＂ in ＂a white horse is not a horse＂ （P） or＂ lazy cat （ the cat which does not catch the mouse） is not a cat＂ （Q） as＂ is not＂ rather than ＂different＂ or＂ not equal＂. Since language is ＂conventional＂, P and Q are all false. As for＂ a whale is not a fish＂ （R）, before the rational revision of the meaning of ＂fish＂, R is also false. Though Gong Sun-long correctly justified the claim ＂a white horse is different from a horse ＂ （S）, but when he infers P based on the meaning of ＂different＂, the inference is obviously wrong, it commits the fallacy of ＂distorting word meaning＂.
出处
《燕山大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2006年第2期49-52,共4页
Journal of Yanshan University:Philosophy and Social Science
关键词
冯友兰
白马非马
窜改词义
语义和语境
Feng You-lan
a white horse is not a horse
a whale is not a fish
polarized thinking
improper exclusion
irrational distortion of meaning
ambiguity and its fallacy
meaning and context
