摘要
青藏高原东部是亚洲一些大河的发源地。冻土层及高山冰川的存在,产汇流条件不同于低海拔区。河流具有多种水源补给,源头以冰雪融水为主。
The eastern Qinghai Plateau is the headwater area for many large Asiatic rivers. Permafrost occurs above 4 200 m and glaciers occupy the summits and high valleys of the east-west trending mountain chains. Annual runoff generally increases with precipitation which is augmented southward by the rise in topography. Rainfall, snow melt, glacier melt and groundwater are the primary sources of streamflow, and the presence of permafrost enhances the flashiness of runoff respons to rainfall and snowmelt events.
Peak flows are concentrated between June and September. And winter is the low flow season. Three types of runoff patterns may be distinguished according to their primary sources of water: snowmelt and rainfall, glacier melt and snowmelt, and groundwater. Large rivers generally drain more than one environment and their runoff regime reflects an integration of the various flow patterns found on the plateau.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第3期219-226,共8页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
关键词
冻土
冰川
融水
径流
青藏
高原
Qinghai and Xizang plateau, Permafrost, glacial melt runoff, runoff modulus
