摘要
【目的】探讨与儿童5类残疾（视力、听力、智力、肢体和精神残疾）相关的生物和环境方而的危险因素。【方法】按照1：2配比的原则选择北京市2004年“0～6岁儿童残疾抽样调查”中的残疾儿章和部分正常儿童作为研究对象．采用问卷涮雀形式进行病例对照的研究。【结果】选取312名病例．624名对照进行研究。多因素分析显示与儿童残疾发生相关的主要危险因索强度由大到小依次为：出生窒息、残疾家族史、母亲饮酒、早产、儿童期患病、出生时哭声不响亮、母亲文化程度低、家庭人均月收入低。【结论】预防儿童残疾发生的重点仍应足产前和产时因素，比如孕前做好遗传咨询、母亲避免孕期前后饮酒、预防早产的发生、减少出生窒息的发生等。应对不良的家庭社会经济状况儿童的家长（特别是母亲）进行有针对性地指导．及时发现发育巾的问题，及早进行干预性训练．从而减少残疾的发生。
[Objectives] To explore the biological and environmental risk factors of disabilities in aged 0-6 years children. [Methods] A case-control study was conducted according to the principle of 1 ： 2 matching. The study objectives were recruited from the cross-sectional study on the prevalence of disabilities in aged 0-6 years children in Beijing, China, in 2004. [Results] 312 cases and 624 controls were selected in this study . The results of multivariate analysis （Cox regression） showed that the children with the following characteristics would suffer the disabilities more possible, which included birth asphyxia, disabilities history of other family members, mother drinking peri-pregnancy, premature, suffering disease in the early of childhood, the low crying at birth, mother of low education, family with the low income, respectively, according to the impact intension from strong to low. [Conclusions] The priorities to prevent children from disabilities are to improve the antepartum and intrapartum care, for example, implementing pre-pregnancy consultanta avoiding drinking alcohol in pregnancy; preventing from premature, decreasing the occurrence of asphyxia etc. In terms of the social economy factors, we could give much attention to those children with those characteristics, and try to offer their mothers with special guidance in order to help them to recognize abnormal timely, although the health workers could not change them.
出处
《中国儿童保健杂志》
CAS
2006年第2期127-129,共3页
Chinese Journal of Child Health Care
基金
北京市政府专项资金资助(2004-3)
关键词
儿童残疾
病例对照研究
危险因素
children disabilities
case-control study
risk factors
