摘要
现实主义理论包含着科学认知与人文理解这一对矛盾。“写实”意味着遵循自然科学的认知原则,对客体对象精确、逼真的反映与复制；而“文学”却是一个虚构、想象性的人文世界,渗透着作家主体的精神意愿与价值取向,即作家对人生、世界的“理解”,而且还负载着对读者道德的教喻与训诫的功能。这一悖论式的两极趋向,在中国文学对西方写实主义的接受进程中始终交错、纠合在一起。中国文学界对西方“写实主义”的接受,有着从早期的向科学认知原则倾斜的写实主义(真即是美),到中期的科学认知与人文理解交错的写实主义(不脱离现实的真善合体),再到后期的向以意识形态为核心的人文理解倾斜的写实主义(善即是真,善中之真方为美)的进程。在这一进程中,写实主义的概念始终处在动态的、不断的调整之中。
The theory of realism includes a contradiction of scientific knowledge and humanistic understanding. ＂Realistic writing＂ means abiding by a knowledge principle of natural science, to reflect and duplicate the object in an exact and lifelike way. But ＂literature＂ is a fictitious and imaginative humanistic world, it emerged in the subjective and spiritual will and value orientation of the writers, i. e. , the authors＇ ＂understanding＂ of life and the world, as well as the function of moral teaching to the readers. This paradoxical dual orientation has always interlocked in the process of receiving western realism in Chinese literature. The Chinese literary world, in receiving western ＂realism＂, experienced a process from an early realism inclining to the principle of scientific knowledge （truth is beauty）, to the middle stage of a realism interlocked with scientific knowledge and humanistic understanding （a unification of truth and good, which is not divorced from reality）, to the later stage of a realism inclining to humanistic understanding with ideology as its core （good is true, and only true in good can be beautiful）. In this process, the conception of realism is ever dynamically and continuously adjusting.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第4期137-146,共10页
Academic Monthly
关键词
文学写实主义
科学认知
人文理解
中国
realism, scientific knowledge, humanistic understanding, the true, the good and the beautiful
