摘要
以小麦产量形成规律为中心,比较了"精播"、"常规"、"独秆"*~3种高产途径的异同;分析了各途径的小麦生育和产量形成规律的特点及其相应配套措施。认为,"独秆"途径表现生物学产量较低,无效消耗较少,经济系数较高的优点,是一种具有一些高光效特点的高产栽培技术体系。但也具有抗逆性较差,栽培技术较难掌握,高产稳定性差,高产频率较低等缺点。故应慎重考虑其扩展面积。
This experiment was carried out with the comparative analysis of the three different cultisystem (high yielding ways) i.e.precision sowing, common sowing and uniculm sowing (late sowing without tillers) for their sow- ing time,density and corresponding complete measure: 1.From the mathematical simulation,the frequence distributions of the high yielding combinations over 300kg per mu during the different sowing time were: Sept.,30.5% (precision sowing);30,Sept.～5,Oct.,45.8% (common sowing) and 10 Oct.～15,Oct.～23.7%(uniculm sowing). Note:The uniculm culture may not only be high yield but have a different frequency. Comparing with precision and common cultisystems,the characteristics of 'uniculm' cultisystem can be summarized as follows: 'Uniculm' cultisystem had higher net photosynthetic rate and lower photosy- nthetic potential,larger population but smaller individuals.Its high peak stages of minural nutrtion absorbing and requiring were synchronous,so that its fert- ilizer effect was higher.The C/N ratio of wheat plants was higher from beginn- ing to the end of the growth duration.In unit land area,'uniculm' cultisystem had more seedlings with little tillers and attained more ears,on which,less flo- werets differentiated but the grain fertilities were higher.The biological yield of 'uniculm' cultisystem was lower,but the economic index of it was higher so- lor energy utilization.In addition,late sowing without late maturing,early maturing but no premature senescence,simplicated cultivation practice were also the superiorities of 'uniculm' cultisystem.Also,it had defects which were diIficult to overcome,such as,uneven of heading phase and spike size,lower grain weight per spike,weaker seedlings and poorer regulation and adaptation abilities to disadvantageous environments.
关键词
冬小麦
晚播
高产
小麦
栽培
winter wheat
precision sowing
common sowing
uniculm cultisystem
cultivation
paths of high yield
