摘要
柞水溶洞风景名胜区地处秦岭南坡，植物区系起源古老，种类繁多，植物群落多样性丰富。区内植物群落主要有１６个类型，在对其丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数进行分析后得出它们多样性大小顺序为：栓皮栎林＞野古草、金茅、芒灌草丛＞锐齿桷栎林＞麻栎、尖叶栎林＞马尾松林＞马桑灌丛＞小果蔷薇、火棘灌丛＞栓皮栎、桷栎、麻栎林＞华山松、锐齿桷栎林＞人工油松林＞中华绣线菊灌丛＞人工毛竹林＞人工桷栎林＞黄栌灌丛＞白茅灌草丛＞侧柏林；对２０个乔木样地的植物生长型与物种多样性关系分析表明：草木层的物种丰富度指数明显高于灌木层和乔木层，乔木层最低；灌木层和草本层均匀度指数较为接近，群落间差异小，而乔木层的群落间差异大；物种多样性指数则表现出草木层＞灌木层＞乔木层的规律。
Located on the southern slope of Qinling, Zhashui cave Scenic Resort has genetically ancient flora, and rich in plant species. The plant community diversity is also abundant in the resort. By analyse species richness, evenness and species diversity of 16 main plant communities, the results indicate that the sequence of its’diversity is: Quercus variabilis forest > Arundinella hirta, Eriochloa villose, Miscanthus sinensis shrub-grassland>Quercus aliena var. acuteserrate forest>Quercus acutissima, Quercus oxyphlla forest>Pinus massoniana forest>Coriaria sinica shrubland>Rosa cymosa, Pyracantha fortuneana shrubland>Quercus varialdlis, Quelrus aliena, Quercus acutissima forest>Pinus armandii, Quercus aliena var.acateserrate foreat>Pinus tabulaeformis forest>Spiraea chinensis shrubland>Phyllostachys pubescens forest>Quercus aliena forest > Cotinus coggygris var. pubescens forest>Imperata cylindrica shrub grassland>Platycladus orientalis forest. Then, the relationship between between species diversities and growth form in 20 plant plots was studied, the conclusion is that species richness of herb stratum is higher than tree stratum and shrub stratum obviously, tree stratum is lowest; As for the evenness, shrub stratum is similar to herb stratum and both are with small variation among communities, tree stratum in different communities change greatly in evenness. The order of species diversity index for different strata is: herb stratum> shrub stratum>tree stratum.
关键词
风景名胜区
物种多样性
植物群落
Scenic resort
Species richness
Evenness
Species diversity index
Growth form
