摘要
随着非单调逻辑的产生和发展,人们提出了“究竟什么是逻辑”的问题。对这个问题的两种不同回答,形成了逻辑学的两个学派??抽象逻辑学派和具体逻辑学派。抽象派主张逻辑学是研究有效论证的科学,具体派则认为逻辑学是研究好论证的标准的科学。前者把论证的有效性看做是完全从其背景中抽象出来的,是研究基于零主体的人工语言论证的分析与评价,实际上把论证评价标准局限于演绎逻辑或单调逻辑范围之内,并把归纳推理、回溯推理和各种实践推理排斥在逻辑学之外;后者则认为论证评价需要考虑其运用背景或论辩目的,研究的是基于多主体的自然语言论证的分析和评价,涵盖了各种形式实践推理的研究,并把论证评价的标准扩充至了修辞学范围。如何划清逻辑与修辞在论证评价中的作用范围呢?非形式逻辑学家们似乎正在做这项工作。该文在把论证分为作为静态成品的论证和作为动态过程的论证两大类的基础上,把非形式逻辑区分为形式论辩学派和语用论辩学派两大学派,分析了非形式逻辑的理论来源、基本特征和研究对象,探讨了非形式逻辑的发展趋势。
The development of non-monotonic logics has revitalized the question: 'What is logic?' The school of abstract logic holds that logic deals with the validity of argument,which is completely abstracted from the context of the argument used,and is essentially deductive logic and monotonic;while the school of embedded logic insists that logic is the study of standards for good arguments in real life,therefore it is essentially non-monotonic. However,their answers do not distinguish good arguments from the logical point of view and good arguments from the rhetorical point of view.Non-formal logicians are trying to distinguish the functional ranges of demonstrative appraisal of logic and rhetoric.This paper first explores the relationship between the argument-as-product and argument-as-process;then it classifies the non-formal logic as formal-dialectical school and pragma-dialectical school;thirdly,it focuses on theoretical sources,basic characteristics and objects of non-formal logic,and finally it proposes the future directions of non-formal logic.
出处
《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第2期71-75,共5页
Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)
基金
广东省高校人文社会科学重大研究项目<人文科学中的逻辑方法研究>(项目编号04ZD72001)
教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目<基于自然语言的知识表达与推理系统研究>(项目编号04JD006)
