摘要
要明确收入分配的概念。在市场经济中,初次收入分配被称为要素收入分配。要搞清楚收入分配中的效率与公平的关系。经济学意义上的效率是从生产过程中产生的,收入分配过程并不产生效率。在这个含义中,生产过程应该注重效率,而收入分配应该注重公平。效率与公平是相互促进的。只有企业所有者、经营者、劳动者以及其他与企业利益相关的参与者之间的和谐,才能够保证生产和交易的顺利进行。在这个意义上,公平是能够促进效率的。中国的经济体制改革把国家计划指令下的资源配置方式改为由市场主导,财产占有制度也随着发生变化。收入分配不是孤立的,而要取决于财产分配。如果让一些人不劳而获就获得财产权,收入分配的结果肯定是不公平的。在中国,财产分配不公平的主要原因是国企产权交易、土地使用权转让和资本市场的运作违反市场公平交易原则,造成暴富者不劳而获。我们不但反对鼓吹贫富差距合理论的观点,也反对以贫富差距拉大为借口否定中国的经济体制改革。贫富差距拉大是没有落实市场交易原则造成的;运用市场机制的公平交易原则,不但能够纠正收入分配不平等,也能够纠正财产分配不平等。要把经济体制改革进行到底,必须真正落实市场交易原则。
In this article, the relationship of efficiency and equity is discussed. It＇s important to make clear of the concept of income. Primary distribution is that of the income from production factors. Disparity of income distribution is therefore caused in the primary distribution. Redistribution aims to correct and reduce the disparity due to the primary distribution. It is argued that efficiency is a concept of production process and equity is regarding distribution, rather than an alternative choice. From this point of view, production process must be efficient and distribution be equitable. In market economy, the distribution of national wealth may compose of three parts： property, personal income caused by property rights, and redistribution made by government in using fiscal policies. Experience of advance countries tells that if there is no equity in the starting point of property distribution, effect of redistribution is very limited. Efficiency and equity are not contradictory, but mutually functional. The government must not only reduce and limit inequity in primary distribution and redistribution, more importantly, must let market mechanism play its role, make fair transaction regulations and laws, reduce revenue disparity in origin, make the society more efficient and more equitable.
出处
《开放导报》
北大核心
2006年第2期15-21,共7页
China Opening Journal
关键词
收入分配
效率与公平
市场交易原则
经济体制改革
Income distribution The relationship of efficiency and equity The principle of market transaction Economic system reform
