摘要
在全球范围内,干旱是限制作物生产力的重要环境因子,提高作物的水分利用效率倍受人们关注,提高单位水量的生产率是缺水地区农业面临的严峻挑战。除了节水灌溉和水土保持耕作技术之外,深入了解那些限制和调控作物产量的重要因素,有助于人们准确地鉴定和筛选生理和育种性状,从而有可能在水分有限条件下,大幅度提高作物水分利用效率和抗旱性。生物节水就是实现上述目标的一个重要途径。生物节水的机理就是通过遗传改良和生理调控来提高水分利用效率。加强生物节水的机制与途径的研究,无疑会为节水作物品种的选育开拓新的思路,同时也将为节水灌溉和旱作裁培提供新的科学依据的技术。
Increasing the efficiency of water use by crops continues to escalate as a topic of concern because drought is a restrictive environmental factor for crop productivity worldwide. Greater yield per unit rainfall is one of the most important challenges in water-limited agriculture Besides water-saving by irrigation engineering and conservation tillage, a good understanding of factors limiting and/or regulating yield now provides us with an opportunity to identify and then precisely select for physiological and breeding traits that increase the efficiency of water use and drought tolerance under water-limited conditions, biological water-saving is one means of achieving this goal. A definition of biological water-saving measures is proposed which embraces improvements in water-use efficiency （WUE） and drought tolerance, by genetic improvement and physiological regulation. The preponderance of biological water-saving measures is discussed and strategies identified for working within natural resource constraints. The technology and future perspectives of biological water-saving could provide not only new watersaving techniques but also a scientific base for application of water-saving irrigation and conservation tillage.
出处
《中国科学基金》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第2期66-71,共6页
Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-444)
西北农林科技大学研究生创新计划项目(05ych023)资助.
关键词
生物节水
水分利用效率
耐旱性
生理调控
节水育种
biological water-saving
water-use efficiency
drought tolerance
physiological regulation
water saving breeding
