摘要
本文以认知的视野,从对“成都小吃团”等一类用语的分析说起,研究话语的含意。含意性是话语的基本特征。这意味着话语的字面表达通常是不完备的,有含意寓于其中。话语的字面表达称为显性表述,字面表达所蕴含的内容称为隐性表述。受话人要运用常规关系进行常规推理,用隐性表述补足/阐释显性表述,使之成为相对完备的表达,达至对话语的恰当的理解。常规关系可以抽象为相邻/相似关系。语言运用总是设定话语中所涉及的对象和事件之间所形成的关系是常规关系,这一潜规则把相对完备的表达同不完备表达、清楚明白的表达和迂回含蓄的表达的两极维系起来,加以融合:当其他情况相同,需要利用常规关系来补足或阐发的越多,话语就越迂回含蓄,反之就越明白直接,直至一定的阈值。
On the basis of a cognitive analysis of some metaphorical expressions, the present study attempts to explain implicatives in utterances. It argues that implicativeness is an inherent trait of utterances, which means that the literal expression of an utterance is inherently imcomplete, awaiting the embedded implicit expression（s）＇ elucidation and/or supplementation. The process of elucidation and/or supplementation is actually a process of stereotypical reasoning with the help of stereotypical relation （SR） which may demonstrate itself in a most abstract form of proximity and similarity. The use of language presupposes that things and events mentioned would fall into certain kinds of SR. This presupposed principle leads to the process of a stereotypical reasoning of the utterance for the sake of its interpretation.
出处
《外国语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第2期18-24,共7页
Journal of Foreign Languages
关键词
“成都小吃团”
显性表述/隐性表述
常规关系/常规推理
相邻/相似关示
＂Chengdu Food Club＂
explicit expression/implicit expression
stereotypical relation / stereotypical reasoning
proximity/similarity
