摘要
在表面机械处理方式下，材料表面可以通过强烈塑性变形而实现纳米化，获得表面为纳米晶、晶粒尺寸沿厚度方向逐渐增大的梯度结构。表面纳米4E（SNC）技术一方面能为研究形变诱发的纳米化过程和宽尺寸范围内（从微米到纳米量级）结构与性能的关系提供思路，制备理想样品；另一方面能通过纳米化显著地提高金属材料的性能，因此可望在工业上取得实际应用。文章从基本原理、制备技术、结构、性能和化学处理等方面介绍表面纳米化研究工作已取得的进展。
By means of surface mechanical treatment, coarse-grains in the surface layer of the metallic materials can be refined into nano-seale through severe plastic deformation, and gradient structure of which the grain size along the depth increases from nanometers in the top surface to micrometers can be obtained, The surface nanoerystallization （SNC） technique can not only synthesize ideal sample for the investigation of deformation-induced grain refinement process and the structure-property relationship in a wide region from nanometers to mierometers, but also significantly enhance the properties of the metallic materials, therefore it is expected to achieve practical application in industry, in this paper, investigation results on the SNC technique （including the SNC principle, synthesizing methods, structure, property and chemical treatment） will be presented.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（50071061）
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KGCX2-sw-207）
国家863计划纳米专项（2002AA302506）.
