摘要
山西洪洞大槐树移民传说在明清以来的华北各地流传甚广,研究者多认为它反映了明洪武、永乐时期大移民的史实,并将洪洞视为政府大规模强制移民的中转站,但其中诸多困惑仍未得到令人满意的解释。其实无论口碑传说、族谱还是碑刻、地方志等文献,都反映了某种对祖先历史的集体记忆,也反映了移民的生活境遇。在这些记忆中,我们看到的是移民家族定居、发展的历史,北方族群关系变化的历史,卫所制度等国家制度对基层社会影响的历史,也看到晚清民国时期地方士绅重构大槐树传说背后的时代取向或追求现代性的努力。
The migrant legend of the Big Pagoda Tree in Hongtong, Shanxi has been prevalent in North China since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is also seen in a number of lineage records and stele records. Researchers commonly see the legend as reflecting the great migration during the Hongwu and Yongle reigns of the Ming Dynasty, and Hongtong is thus regarded as a transit point for migrating flows in the government project of forced displacement of the time. However, there are still some unanswered questions. In fact, whether passed from mouth to mouth or recorded in lineage records, on steles or in local gazetteers, this legend reflects the collective memory of ancestral history and the life situation of the migrants. These memories show us the process by which a migrating lineage settled down and developed, as well as the changing relations among the Northern ethnic groups. They also reflect the social effects of state institutions, such as the system of Garrisons, on grassroots society, and the contemporary orientation or efforts for modernity that underlie reconstruction of the legend by the local gentry in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republican period. Hence research into the truthfulness of migrant legend about the Big Pagoda Tree becomes an effort to understand the historical development of local society. Legends and other oral materials are placed on the platform of historical memory, together with various folk documents, memoirs and gazetteers, to form an important and complex corpus of historical materials for understanding this matter.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期49-64,共16页
Historical Research
