摘要
随着一些西方学说被介绍到中国,有关“族群”(ethnic group)及其相关理论已成为中国人类学和民族学界讨论的热点话题之一,然而学术界却忽视了与西方民族学和人类学术语“族群”、“族群性”等同出一源的俄语术语。本文在对俄罗斯民族学理论中的几个基本术语этнос、этничность和этническаягруппа与相应的英语术语ethnos、ethnicity和ethnic group进行源流、释义对比分析后指出,双方学术观点的相同之处主要表现在对этничность(ethnicity)的理解上,大部分学者都认为这个术语指“民族(或族群)的性质和特点”。差异之处则主要体现在两个方面:(1)表示民族(或族群)实体的术语不同,俄罗斯学者用этнос,西方学者用ethnic group;(2)俄语этническаягруппа特指民族的亚体或部分少数民族,而英语的ethnic group已由原来仅指处于社会边缘的少数人集团和亚集团,扩展到泛指社会上因文化或血统关系而具有明显不同意识的所有集团,甚至包括一国之内占人口多数的民族集团。
The term 'ethnic group' and related theories become a hot topic in anthropology and ethnology circles of China with the accepting of some western ethnic theories. But the cognate words in Russian have not come into the views of researchers yet. After comparing the terms этнос, этничность and этничекая группа with ethnos, ethnicity and ethnic group on their origin, development and reference, this paper explains how the terms are used among different researchers. Many researchers refer the term этничность (literally, ethnicity) to the meaning of 'ethnic characteristics.' But the term that means a group of people with common ethnicity is этнос (ethnos) for Russians and ethnic group for western researchers. And the term этничекая группа (literally, ethnic group) in Russian means a subgroup or a part of the nationality. On the other hand, in English, the term ethnic group means a minority group at the social margin first, then the groups who identified on the basis of distinctive culture or common ancestry, etc. Its extent meaning can be even a majority group with common ethnicity.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期1-10,共10页
Ethno-National Studies
