摘要
本文概述了瑞典农业系统中镉的状况以及镉的人类暴露状况。农业土壤(耕层)中的镉每年增加0.03%~0.05%。饲料是当地农业系统中镉增加的重要原因。当前暴露水平下已经有一些测量表明人体肾功能受到影响。如果粮食中的水平达到欧盟允许的最大限度,那么10%~25%的瑞典人群暴露的镉水平将超过暂时可容忍的每周摄入量(PTWI,7μg Cd/kg体重)。人群中的敏感者是那些低铁状况(主要是女性)和肾紊乱的个体。最近的研究表明镉对骨质疏松症有影响,但还需要进一步的研究来辨别镉是否在早期发展阶段毒害神经。必须采取坚决行动来阻止农业土壤中镉含量进一步增加。本文给出了预防及采取措施的建议。
This paper gives an overview of the cadmium(Cd)situation in agricultural systems and human exposure in Sweden.Cadmium levels in agricultural soils(the plow layer)increase by 0.03%to 0.05%per year.Feed can give substantial contributions of Cd to local agricultural systems.Effects on human kidney function are indicated by some measurements already at today's exposure levels.If food products reach the maximum permissible levels given by the European Union,10%to 25%of the Swedish population will be exposed to Cd levels above the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI 7 lg Cd kg 1 body weight).Sensitive groups in the population are individuals with low iron status(mainly women)and kidney disorders.Recent studies indicate that Cd plays a role in osteoporosis and that further research is needed to clarify if Cd is neurotoxic in early developmental stages.Firm actions have to be taken in order to stop a further increase of Cd in agricultural soils.Suggestions for prevention and measures are given in this paper.
作者
Ing-Marie Olsson
Jan Eriksson
Ingrid Oborn
Staffan Skerfving
Agneta Oskarsson
王中英
Ing-Marie Olsson;Jan Eriksson;Ingrid Oeborn;Staffan Skerfving;Agneta Oskarsson(National Board of Health and Welfare,Division of Environmental Medicine.SE-10630 Stockholm,Sweden;Department of Soil Sciences.Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Box 7014,SE-75007 Uppsala,Sweden;Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,University Hospital,SE-22185 Lund,Sweden;Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Box7028,SE-75007Uppsala,Sweden)
