摘要
作为我国资源开发的重要场所,资源环境安全问题是东北地区21世纪可持续发展面临的关键问题。本文采用国家资源环境安全要素综合评价方法,选取水资源、耕地资源、矿产资源、森林资源和能源5类指标,分析了东北地区资源环境本底特征、人地关系演进状态以及发展趋势。结论是:东北地区自然资源禀赋条件较好,资源环境基础优于全国均值水平60%以上,未来开发潜力主要体现在能源、森林资源和耕地资源3个方面,然而,欲开发上述资源潜力则须考虑到与水资源供给潜力的平衡;能源(石油)资源开发潜力和耕地质量的下降将对地区持续发展造成重大影响;人地关系演进系数由20世纪50年代初期的0.043增长到本世纪2000年的0.166,人地关系演进趋于紧张。因此,水资源的空间重组、能源开发的接续和耕地质量的改善应成为未来东北地区资源持续开发的核心任务。为有效解决当地社会经济与资源的协调问题,应采取合理配置和利用水资源、加强对黑土资源的保护、转变能源资源供给方式、调整林业产业结构等措施对地区发展政策做出相应调整。
Northeast century due to its China has become China will play an important role in Chinese economic development in the 21st abundant natural resources. The resources and environmental security in Northeast the key issue in its sustainable development.
In this study, resource and environmental assessment formula （RCER） is introduced and five fundamental elements are selected to analyze the characteristics of resource and environment, the manland relationship, and its development trend in Northeast China. The result shows that natural conditions in Northeast China is the best in China, and its resource and environmental base occupies 60 % of national average. The potential exploitation can be realized in three aspects： energy, forestry and cultivated land. And water resources must be taken into account to balance water supply and resources exploitation. Moreover, decreasing potential energy source and degenerating cultivated land make a great impact on the sustainable development of Northeast China.
Northeast China had been an isolated area till the early 20th century. After 1950s it experienced the massive expansion with rapidly increasing population and economy. Afterwards, the man-land relationship turned to be un-harmonized, for its modulus went up from 0.043 to 0. 166 in the past 50 years. In this sense human activities are responsible for the deterioration of man-land relationship, among which the economic activity is considered the most important factor.
This study, therefore, suggests that the paramount task for sustainable development in Northeast China should focus on policy making with an eye to stabilize and improve its poorly-qualified energy and plantation resource and redistributing water resource. For such a purpose, the following measures should be taken： distribute and exploit water resources more reasonably; protect plantation resources more powerful; broaden the area of energy resources supply; and adjust the forest industrial structure.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期30-36,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国家基金委2005年重点项目(编号:40535026)
关键词
人地关系
资源环境
安全
东北地区
Man-land relationship
Resource-environment
Security
Northeast China
