摘要
本文研究了在我国东北地区广泛蔓延的菊科杂草──三裂叶豚草（Ａｍｂｒｏｓｉａｔｒｉｆｉｄａ）对大豆、玉米、小麦、水稻的化感作用（Ａｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ）。通过对三裂叶豚草的不同部位（挥发物、茎叶、根、根区土壤）的化感活性的研究，发现三裂叶豚草的挥发物和根区土壤对作物无明显的作用；茎叶部分的水浸液对实验作物的种子萌发和幼苗的纳根伸长有明显的抑制作用，同时使根系形态发生较大的变化；根的水浸液对作物的幼芽伸长有一定的促进作用。在上述的研究基础上，对个同的活性组分进行了ＧＣ、ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析，结果表明主要的化感成分可能为。α－蒎烯。β－蒎烯、２－冰片烯、里那醇、冰片、４－萜品醇、樟脑、α－萜品醇、马鞭烯酮、橙花叔醇、法尼烯。勺叶桉醇等。由此我们分析三裂叶豚草主要是通过雨水淋溶的方式向周围环境释放化感物质，从而对其它植物产生影响，加强自身在自然界的竞争力．
Ambrosia trifida is a widespread weed of compositae in the Northeast of China and its allelopathic effects were studied in order to elucidate its spreading mechanism. Firstly, the allalopatbic effects of different parts of A. trifida were investigated, and some interesting results were found out. 1)The water extract of shoot had significant inhibitive effects on crop seed (soybean, maize,wbeat and rice)getmiuation and primary growth, and changed the crop root morpha. The most allergic species were soybean. arid maize. 2)The water extract of root had no effect on seed germination, but had a different effect on crop primary growth. The extract could inhibit root elongation of wheat by 34% while it stimulated bud growth by 31%. 3)Volatile and soil had no effects on the crop seed germination and growth. Secondly, the GC and GC/MS analysis of water extract in A. trifida showed that α-pinene, β-pinene, cineole,camphene, spanthueol might be the potential all elochemicals in its water extract. Results obtained in this study indicate that the allelopathic effects might play an important role in the spreading of the weed.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第4期330-337,共8页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金
