摘要
长期以来,相对于其他商品而言,初级产品出口价格的不断下降给许多仍靠少数出口产品获取外贸收入的发展中国家带来了一系列的挑战,使其成为国际贸易中长期存在且备受关注的焦点之一。因此,许多发展中国家便采取课征初级产品出口税的政策以图解决其所面临的问题。本文在分析初级产品出口关税对出口国及其贸易伙伴的影响基础上,着重论述了采取出口税政策解决出口价格波动带来挑战的利弊,并在最后以一些实证研究的实例说明了这一政策实施效果的不确定性。
Long-term declines in the prices of many primary commodities relative to other products have been long-standing problems in international trade, which brings many problems to a large number of developing countries that still depend on one or few commodities for their export earnings. Therefore, such countries take measures of export tax on primary commodity in the hope of solving these problems. This paper will analyze the impact of export tax on an exporting country and its trading partners, and then look at the costs and benefits of using export taxes. Finally, this paper surveys the experiences of some countries that have used export taxes to illustrate the uncertainty of using export tax as an instrumental policy when solving those problems.
关键词
初级产品
出口关税
作用
发展中国家
Primary commodity
Export tax
Role
Developing countries
