摘要
目的:通过电生理和组织学方面观察中等强度的有氧运动对大鼠坐骨神经卡压后神经功能恢复的影响。方法:实验于2001-05/2003-02在浙江中医学院动物中心实验室完成。①选择雄性SD大鼠64只,手术制造大鼠坐骨神经卡压模型,造模后将大鼠随机分为3组:模型组32只,造模后自由活动;术后2周运动组16只,术后第2周末开始游泳,1次/d,第1天10min,逐日增加3min,第3周末30min/d,第4周30min/d;术后4周运动组16只,在术后4周末开始游泳,共游泳2周,方法同术后2周游泳组。②3组术后每周测1次坐骨神经功能指数,以0为正常值,-100为神经完全断离指标。③模型组在术后2,4,6,8周末,术后2周运动组在术后4,8周末,术后4周运动组在术后6,8周末分别测定运动神经传导速度。④取卡压神经进行组织学观察。结果:纳入动物64只,均进入结果分析。①术后第4～8周,术后2周运动组坐骨神经功能指数高于模型组、术后4周运动组坐骨神经功能指数低于模型组,差异均显著(以第8周为例,模型组、术后2周运动组、术后4周运动组分别为-19.96±1.75,-16.06±2.21,-23.73±3.10,P<0.05)。②术后第8周时,术后2周运动组运动神经传导速度比模型组增快、术后4周运动组运动神经传导速度比模型组减慢,差异显著[模型组、术后2周运动组、术后4周运动组分别为(36.74±2.36),(38.66±2.56),(32.46±2.94)m/s,P<0.05]。③光镜下卡压神经的组织形态学观察结果:模型组第4周髓鞘变形较多,凸向轴索呈花边形,轴索偏移,髓鞘上可见空泡,个别髓鞘套叠或增厚;术后2周运动组第4周髓鞘变形,大小不一,变薄,分层;术后4周运动组第6周:髓鞘变形增厚,套叠呈双杯状,髓鞘一端增厚,呈戒指状,轴索偏移。④透射电镜下卡压神经的组织形态学观察结果:模型组第4周髓鞘变形较多,凸向轴索呈花边形,致轴索偏移,髓鞘上可见条形致密线,个别髓鞘套叠或增厚;轴浆均匀,但个别轴索内见小空泡或致密颗粒;许旺细胞内质网扩张,高尔基体发达;术后2周运动组第8周髓鞘套叠较多,变薄,板层松散,内凸向轴索;术后4周运动组第6周:髓鞘变形、增厚、套叠,板层松散,轴索与髓鞘基底膜分离、偏移,许旺细胞核染色质边聚,核缘内陷,内质网扩张,线粒体空化。结论:神经卡压早期中等量主动运动可延缓神经卡压的病理变化,改善卡压神经的功能,而中后期运动则不利于神经功能的改善。
AIM：To investigate the effect of medium intensity aerobic exercise on the neural functional restoration of the rat models with chronic sciatic nerve compression through electrophysiology and histology.
METHODS：The experiment was preformed in laboratory of animal center of Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2001 to February 2003. （1）Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and the rat models of sciatic nerve compression were made by operation,and then the model rats were divided into three groups randomly：32 rats in model group, lived freely after operation; 16 rats in the swimming group 2 weeks post-operation,swam at the end of 2^nd week after operation, once a day,10 minutes at first time,added 3 minutes day by day,swam for 30 minutes per day at the end of the 3^rd week,swam for 30 minutes per day during the 4^th week;16 rats in the swimming group 4 weeks post-operation, swam at the end of 4^th week after operation for 2 weeks,the method of swimming was the same as the swimming group 2 weeks post-operation. （2） The rats in the three groups were determined Sciatic nerve Function Index （SFI） once every week pest-operation.Taking 0 as normal value,-100 as complete breaking of nerve index. （3） Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity （MNCV） was detected at the end of the 2^nd, 4^th, 6^th hand 8^th week in the model group, at the end of the 4^th and 8^th week in the swimming group 2 weeks pest-operation, at the end of the 6^th and 8^th week in the swimming group 4 weeks pest-operation. （4） The compressed nerve was taken to perform histology analysis.
RESULTS：Totally 64 included animals were involved in the result analysis. （1） At the end of the 4^th-8^th weeks, the SFI of the swimming group 2 weeks pest-operation was higher than that of the model group.The SFI of the swimming group 4 weeks pest-operation was lower than that of the model group, and they all had significant difference. （For example, at the end of the 8^th week, the model group, the swimming group 2 weeks postoperation,the swimming group 4 weeks pest-operation,the SFI was respectively： -19.96±1.75, -16.06±2.21, -23.73±3.10,P〈0.05）. （2） At the end of the 8^th week,the MNCV of the swimming group 2 weeks postoperation was faster than that of the model group.The MNCV of the swimming group 4 weeks post-operation was slower than that of the model group,and they had significant difference [SF] of the model group,the swimming group 2 weeks post-operation,the swimming group 4 weeks post-opation was（36.74±236）,（ 38.66±2.56）,（32.46±2.94） m/s,P〈 0.05, respectively] The histological observation results of the compressed nerve through the light microscope：At the end of the 4^th week,the myeline sheath of the model group deformed mostly,protruding to the axon like lace, the axon offset, vacuole could be seen on the myeline sheath, some myeline sheath invaginated and thickened.At the end of the 4^th week,the myeline sheath of the swimming group 2 weeks post-operation deformed,small or large, thined, layered. At the end of the 6^th week,the myeline sheath of the swimming group 4 weeks post-operation deformed and thickened, invaginated as double cup,the myeline sheath thickend at the other end like the ring, the axon offset. （4）The histological observation results of the compressed nerve through the transmission electron microscope：At the end of the 4^th week, the myeline sheath of the model group deformed mostly, protruding to the axon like lace and made the axon offset,dense lined could be seen on the myeline sheath,myeline sheath invaginated and thickened individually, the axonplasm was even,but small or dense granule could be seen in the axon individually,Schwann cell endocytoplasmic reticulum expanded, Golgis＇s body became developed. At the end of the 8^th week more myeline sheath of the swimming group 2 weeks post-operation invaginated, thined, layers loosed, protruding to the axon.At the end of the 6^th week more myeline sheath of the swimming group 4 weeks pest-operation deformed, thickened, invaginated, layers loosed,the myeline sheath offset and separated from the basal membrane, Schawann cell nuclear chromatin edge gathered, the edge of the nucleus invaginated,endocytoplasmic reticulum expanded, mitochondria became cavitation.
CONCLUSION：At the early nerve compression, exercise can delay the pathological process of the compressed nerve and improve the function of the compressed nerve, but at the meta-anaphase exercise will be harmful to the improvement of the neural function.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第45期93-95,F0003,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
