摘要
本研究在典型集约化蔬菜种植区山东省寿光市展开。在不同季节对3个有代表性的乡镇的653个地下水水样的检测表明,全年平均NO-3-N含量高达22.6mg·L-1,超出我国饮用水标准的水井比例为36.5%,超出最高允许含量(MAC,10mg·L-1)的水井比例达59.5%,可见寿光市地下水受硝酸盐污染十分严重,污染范围相当广泛。硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量最大值出现在9月份,最小值出现在4月份,同时表现复杂的时空动态变化特征。全年2次对不同蔬菜种植区262个农户蔬菜施肥水平的调查显示,地下水硝酸盐含量与同区氮肥施用水平呈正相关,氮肥过量施用是造成地下水硝酸盐污染的根本原因。
This paper presents status of the nitrate contamination in groundwater in a typical intensive vegetable cultivation area, Shouguang city, Shandong province, China. Totally, 653 groundwater samples were collected at 4 sampling times in 3 representative towns. Nitrate-nitrogen （NO3^--N） was analyzed by using Continuous Flowing Analyzer （CFA, TRAACS-2000）. It has been found that in September, December, April and July, NO3^--N concentrations were 29.2 mg·L^-1, 25.5 mg·L^-1, 11.2 mg·L^-1 and 24.6 mg·L^-1, respectively. The highest concentration was detected in September and the lowest in April, and the average value reached at 22.6 mg·L^-1. In the studied year, the drinking water wells containing （20 mg·L^-1 NO3^--N） exceeding official standard accounted for 36.5%, while the contents of NO3^--N of the samples exceeding the maximum acceptable concentration （MAC, 10 mg·L^-1 NO3^--N） accounted for 59.5%. The fertilizer-N input level is the major factor affecting the nitate pollution of groundwater. Questionnaire interviews were conducted twice separately on vegetables fertilization level by 148 and 124 farmers. It showed that the annual N rate applied on tomato, cucumber, eggplant and Chinese chive are 1882.8 kg·hm^-2, 1899.6 kg·hm^-2, 2052.5 kg·hm^-2 and 863.0 kg·hm^-2 respectively. As a result, NO3^--N concentrations in groundwater for eggplant sub-area was the highest, with 37.2 mg·L^-1; and for Chinese chive sub-area was the lowest, with 12.4 mg·L^-1. On the whole, the results showed that the groundwater was severely and widely polluted due to the high application level of nitrogen fertilizer. Regional control measures must be made and implemented in this region in the later years by releasing rational environmental policies, developing alternative technologies, extending technologies package and establishing various demonstration sites.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期1139-1144,共6页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家科技攻关计划项目(2002BA516A07)
