摘要
日本是单车年平均燃料消耗量最低的国家,2000年的平均单车年油耗为1.069吨。日本在促进汽车节油方面,一是实行高油价政策,日本的石油价格是美国的四倍多,油价中所含税收是美国的六倍多;二是完善汽车燃油税收政策,日本与汽车相关的税收共有九种,其中燃油税包括汽油税、柴油税、地方道路税和天然气税,属中央与地方共享税;三是建立排放交易制度,对汽车用油标准提出更高的要求。日本的清洁能源汽车有混合动力汽车、电动汽车、压缩天然气汽车、液化石油气(LPG)汽车和甲醇汽车,发展前景各不相同。通过对日本汽车节油经验的研究和分析,我们可以得到一些启示:修订我国现行的《节能法》,制定汽车节能的标准、目标、步骤等;运用政策杠杆,实行高油价和高税收政策;鼓励汽车制造企业进行技术创新,加快清洁能源汽车发展步伐。
Japan is a country with the lowest average car fuel consumptionin the world. Its annual oil consumption per car in 2000 was 1.069 tons.I n Japan,t hreef actorsc ontribute toa utomobile fuels aving.F irst is the high fuel price strategy. The fuel price in Japan is more than four times that in the US and the tax included in the price is more than six times that of US. Secondly, sophisticated tax policies exist. There are altogether 9 car-related taxes in Japan, among which are gasoline tax, diesel oil tax, local road tax and natural gas tax assessed by local and centrala gencies. Thet hird ist oe stablishe mission-controlr ulesw hich require more stringent car fuel standards. Clean-energy cars in Japan include hybridp owerv ehicles,e lectricv ehicles,c ompressed natural gas vehicles, LPG vehicles and methanol vehicles with different prospects of each. From the study and analysis of the Japanese experience in car fuel saving we can get certain inspirations to improve our country's current energy saving laws and to establish standards, goals and procedures of car energy saving. Introducing high fuel prices and high taxation policies, will encourage automobile manufacturers to make technical innovations and hasten the development of clean-energy vehicles and encourage consumers to moderate both vehicle ownership and usage.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2005年第8期33-36,共4页
International Petroleum Economics
