摘要
农用林业作为一种可持续发展的土地利用和经营方式,其目的就在于从木本和草本植物共生、共栖的土地单元内获益;其通常的做法就是把林木以多种排列方式种植于农田和牧场。植物问的互作关系可概括为正效(互助)、负效(竞争)和零效(共存)3种;农用林业经营管理的目标可确定为高产、稳产、持续。农用林业系统相关模型的种类有描述性模型、经验性模型和预测性模型3类;模型结构包括动态过程、响应概念、组分流结构、分层理论和子模型等5种。
As a pattern of sustainable utilization and management of the land, agroforestry aims to realize the benefits from growing woody and herbaceous species together (mutualism or commensalism). Adoption of agroforestry is commonly by the addition of various tree arrangements to land already being used for cultivation and pasture. Ecological interaction in agrisilviculture can be outlined in three types: i.e. increase (mutualism or commensalism), decrease (competition and predation) or having no effect (coexistence). The objectives of adopting and managing agroforestry are considered to create a favoural balance between the different types of ecological interaction occurring, minimizing negative interaction and maximizing positive interaction both socioeconomic and ecological perspective, i.e. high—yield, stability and sustainability. The three relationships are supposed to reconcile with the three major aims in accordance with temporal effect, spatial effect and resource limitation. The interspecific cooperation do good to niche differentiation, reduction of competition, increase of total yield, reduction in yield variance and maintenance of fundamental resources. Interpreting the socioeconomic concept in ecological terms, the key issues are likely aid to be productivity, reduced vulnerability and sustainability, all of which may result from increasing species diversity either in space or time.
出处
《世界林业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第2期39-49,共11页
World Forestry Research
基金
南京中医药大学基金
