摘要
玉米（ＺｅａｍａｙｓＬ．）胚乳最基部的细胞于授粉后１０ｄ开始向传递细胞分化，但在授粉后的１５ｄ内，其细胞壁的加厚和壁内突形成很缓慢，胞质中形成许多泡状、丝状、网状物质，线粒体、粗糙内质网也有所增加。授粉１５ｄ后，传递细胞壁的加厚和壁内突的形成迅速进行，至授粉后２０ｄ，经向由３～４层细胞、横向由６５～７０列细胞构成的传递细胞带形成，发达的壁内突呈强的ＰＡＳ正反应。授粉２０ｄ后，胚乳传递细胞的形态不再有大的变化，进入功能期。成熟籽粒中，最基部的胚乳传递细胞内充满了内突壁，狭小的胞腔中有较浓稠的细胞质，细胞核呈不规则状，胞质中含有黑色和晶状颗粒；与传递细胞带紧相邻的果皮组织中形成一黑色层。促进胚乳传递细胞的充分发育、延长其功能期及黑色层的延迟形成，对减少籽粒败育、增加粒重具有重要意义。
The most basal endosperm cells of maize(Zea mays L.) began differentiatingto transfer cells at 10 days after pollination(DAP). But the thickening of and extensionformation in the transfer cell wall were slow between 10 and 15 DAP,there formed manyvesicles, silky and reticulate materials in the cytoplasm, the number of mitochondrionand rough endoplasmic reticulum increased also. After 15 days from pollination,the wallthickening and cell wall extension formation in the transfer cells speed up. by 20 DAP,the transfer cell zone has developed,there appeared 65-70 rows of cells in width and 3-4 layers of cells in depth,the obvious cell wall extensions presented strong PAS positive reaction. After 20 days from pollination,no great changes appeared in the shape andstructure of the transfer cells,and the transfer cells entered function stage. In the mature kermels (53 DAP),the cell wall extensions filled the most hasal transfer cells,butthick cytoplasm was found in these cells. The nuclei had quite irregular shapes in thesecells. Some transfer cells contained black grains and cystals. A black layer formed in thepericarp tissue adjacent to the transfer cell zone. Promoting full development of endosperm transfer cells,prolonging the function stage and delaying the formation of theblack layer would be important to reduce kernel aborption and increase kernel weight ofmaize.
出处
《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
1996年第3期326-332,共7页
Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition
基金
山东省自然科学基金
