摘要
对在北京密云县发现的原产北美的外来有毒杂草刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum)的生物学特性进行了比较全面的研究.其种皮致密且坚厚,种子发芽率低,萌发时间长,具有休眠机制.在田间种植,其植株成活率高、分枝多、扩展面积大.单花花期短,约2～3d,整株花期长达50d左右,整株花多达上千朵.雄蕊异型,花粉总量约3.8×105个,花粉萌发较快,萌发率在81%以上.果实为浆果,单株最多结果992个,单株最大种子产量约3.8×104粒.研究结果表明:刺萼龙葵在北京地区的适应能力、繁殖能力、传播能力和竞争力均较强,具有较大的潜在入侵危险性.此外还对该植物的防治对策提出了建议.
The biological characteristics of Solanurn rostraturn which originates from North America are studied. As a kind of exotic poisonous weeds, it was found in the county of Miyun in Beijing in 2003. The research indicates that its seed capsule is thick. The germination rate is low and the time is long, so it maybe have the mechanism of dormancy. In field experiment, it has high survival rate. The plant has lots of branches. The peak projectional area of the overground is large. The flowering phase for each flower is short, about 2 - 3 days, but it is long for the whole plant, about 50 days. Stamens are heteromorphic. The pollen quantity for each flower is 3. 8×10^5. Pollens cultured germinate fast, the germination rate of pollens can reach 81%. The fruits are berries, and there are 922 fruits and 3. 8 × 10^5 seeds at most for each plant. These indicate that Solanurn rostraturn, as a kind of exotic species in Beijing, has altitudinal adaptability and breeding potential. In the meantime, it has a strong ability of transmission and competition. Therefore, it is with biggish invasive fatalness. Strategies are also put forward for its preventing and controlling in order to eradicate it as early as possible.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期420-424,共5页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
北京市科委基金资助项目(H030630050490)
北京师范大学本科生科研基金资助项目
关键词
刺萼龙葵
外来入侵植物
生物学特性
防治对策
Solanum rostratum
alien invasive species
biological characteristics
prevention and control methods
