3Brown, H. D. 1994. Principles of language laming and teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
4Crookes, G. & R. Schmidt. 1991. Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning 41:469-512.
5Domyei, Z. 1994. Motvation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. Modern Language Journal 78: 273-284.
6Dornyei, Z. 1998. Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching 31, 117-135.
7Forsterling, F. 1985. Attributional retraining: A review. Psychological Bulletin 98:495-512.
8Oxford, R. L. & J. Shearin. 1994. Language leaning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal 78:12-28.
9Palmer, D. J. & E. T. Goetz. 1988. Selection and use of study strategies: The role of the studier's belief about self and strategies. In Learning and Study Strategies: Issues in Assessment, Instruction, and Evaluation, ed. C. E. Weinstein, E. T Goetz & P. A.Alexander. San Diego: Acaderic Press,Inc.
10Platt, C. W. 1988. Effects of causal attributions for success on first-term college performance: A covariance structure model. Journal of Educational Psychology 80: 569-578.
9R.E.Mayer.C.C.STIEHL.J.GREENO (1975)o Acquisition of understanding and skill in relation to subjects prepara- tion and meaningfulness of instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology.
10Hamer, J.The practice of Enghlish Language Teaching[M].London Lonman Grup UK Limited,1991.