1Valverde JA, Alonso MG,Porro JG,et al. Use of the Gamma nail in the treatment of fractures of the proximal femur[J]. Clin Orthop,1998,350:56～61.
2Leung KS,Chen CM,So WS, et al.Multicenter trial of modified Gamma nail in East Asia[J]. Clin Orthop,1996,323:146～154.
3Rosenblum SF,Zuckerman JD,Kummer FJ,et al. A biomechanical evaluation of the Gamma nail[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br,1992,74(3):352～357.
4Mahomed N, Harrington I,Kellam J, et al. Biomechanical analysis of the Gamma nail and sliding hip screw[J]. Clin Orthop,1994,(304):280～288.
5Haynes RC, Poll RG, Miles AW, et al.Failure of femoral head fixation: A cadaveric analysis of lag screw cut-out with the Gamma loocking nail and AO dynamic hip screw[J]. Injury,1997,28:337～341.
6Ahrengart L, Tornkvist H,Fornander P, et al. A randomized study of the compression hip screw and Gamma nail in 426 fractures[J]. Clin Orthop,2002,(401):209～222.
7Barquet A, Francescoli L,Rienzi D, et al. Intertrochanteric-subtrochanteric fractures: treatment with the long Gamma nail[J]. J Orthop Trauma,2000,14(5):324～328.
8Rodriguez Alvarez J,Casteleiro Gonzolez C, Laguna Aranda R, et al. Indications for use of the long Gamma nail[J]. Clin Orthop,1998,350:62～66.
9Edwards SA, Pandit HG,Clarke HJ.The long gamma nail:a DGH experience[J]. Injury,2000,31(9):701～709.
10Park SR, Kang JS, Kim HS, et al.Treatment of intertrochanteric fracture with the Gamma AP locking nail or by a compression hip screw-a randomised prospective trial[J]. Int Orthop,1998,22(3):157～160.
7Adams CI, Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM,et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of an intramedullary nail versus dynamic screw and plate for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur[J]. J Orthop Trauma,2001,15 ( 6 ) : 394 - 400.
8Haidukewych GJ, Israel TA, Berry DJ. Reverse obliquity fractures of the intertrochanteric region of the femur [ J ]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) ,2001,83 (5) :643 -650.
9Gotfried Y. Percutaneous compression plating of intertrochanteric hip fractures[J]. Orthip Trauma, 2000,14(7 ) :490 -495.
10Al-yassari G,Langstaff RJ,Jones JW,et al. The AO/ASIF proximal femoral nail (PFN) for the treatment of unstable trochantefic femoralfracture[J]. Injury ,2002,33 (5) :395 -399.
