摘要
目的调查都市中学生焦虑的程度和内容,分析其相关因素,为干预提供更合理的建议.方法 2004年11至12月,采用中学生心理健康诊断测验及生活环境和养育方式调查表调查上海市中学生.结果调查有效人数3 050人,年龄11～18岁.焦虑程度为中等或偏下水平(0.24～0.54),总体焦虑程度偏高的占16.7%,各项内容程度偏高的占8.8%～21.8%,主要为自责、学习焦虑、对人焦虑和过敏倾向;女生的焦虑程度普遍高于男生,男生的孤独倾向高于女生;总焦虑分随年龄增长而降低,男生除过敏倾向外的其他内容均表现为降低的趋势,女生表现为孤独倾向降低、过敏倾向增高;15岁是多个因子变化幅度最明显的年龄.与中学生焦虑相关的不利因素为:父母文化程度过低、父母个性焦虑忧郁、主要抚养者的养育态度专断或冷漠、父母之间的养育态度经常或完全矛盾、父母经常吵架、较长时间不与父母生活、被打骂的经历较多、遇到困难缺乏其他人的关心.结论应适当降低中学生的学习压力,重视培养中学生的自信和社会交往能力.良好的家庭环境和家庭以外支持对青少年的心理健康至关重要,能够有效地降低焦虑程度.
Objective To investigate the anxiety state in high school students and related factors in order to get reasonable suggestions for prevention. Methods The mental health test （MHT） for high school students, and the living environmental and parental style were used in this study. Results MHT served as an assessment scale of anxiety. The efficiency sample was 3050, aged 11 to 18 years old. The level of total anxiety and its each contents was low to moderate （0.24 to 0.54）. The percentage of moderate to high of total anxiety was 16.7%, the percentage of moderate to high of each anxiety aspects were 8.8%-21.8%. The mostly high aspects were self-blame, schooling anxiety, social anxiety and over sensitiveness. In general, the girls＇ anxiety level was higher than boys＇, but the boys＇ lonely feeling was higher than the girls＇. The total score of anxiety was decreased with age. Except of the over sensitiveness, the decrease tendency of each anxiety contents was significant in boys. For girls, the lonely feeling was deceased and the over sensitiveness increased with age. The age of fifteen seems as a significant changing age. The related disadvantage factors of students＇ anxiety were： the low education level, the parents＇ anxiety and depression characters, the authoritarian or neglecting parental style, the often contradiction parental styles between mother and father, parents often quarrel, the experience of often being scolded and physical punishment, lacking in care of others when in difficulties. Conclusions The schooling pressure should be decreased to an appropriate level. The students＇ self-confidence and social ability should be emphasized. Good family environments and the support outside the family should be quite important for adolescents＇ mental health, these factors might decrease the adolescents＇ anxiety.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期348-351,共4页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
