二战时期中英关系再探讨:以南亚问题为中心被引量：19

Reconsidering Sino-British Relations during World War II: Centered on the South Asia Problem

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摘要二战时期中英两国关于西藏和南亚问题的争执,反映出丘吉尔的英国政府对于蒋介石插手印度内政的极端猜忌和不满。当时为欧洲战事所困的英国政府,无力阻止战时中国的政治和军事影响力逐渐向印度和南亚殖民地推进,因而谋求在西藏和中国西南划界问题上予以反击。另一方面,英国对中国势力南进所采取的“报复”举措,则被国民政府视为传统帝国主义对华野心的明显证明,并另谋反击。中英两国皆以各自的国家利益和政权安危作为处理印度和西藏问题的最大考量,然而就在中英双方皆以国家政权安危为出发点来面对南亚问题的同时,两个盟邦之间本来就不稳定的互信和合作关系,却也一点一滴地被消蚀了。以英国作为一个观察例子可看出,在近代中外关系的互动过程当中,中国并非永远只是西方列强冲击下的被动接受者(recipient)。战时中英两国在印度、西藏和南亚次大陆等问题上的争议,清楚地反映出一个西方强权因疑惧中国力量的崛起,而欲对中国展开有效的反击。 The conflict between China and Britain over Tibet and South Asia during World War II reflects the extreme suspicion, jealousy and discontent of Churchill’s British government over Chiang Kai-shek’s involvement in India’s internal affairs. Tied down by the European war, the British government had no enough strength to prevent the gradual penetration of China’s political and military influence into India and other British colonies in Southeast Asia. Therefore, Britain sought to strike back at China on the problems of Tibet and the delimitation of China’s southwestern boundary. Furthermore, the Nationalist government regarded Britain’s “retaliatory measures” against China’s southward infiltration as more obvious evidence of “imperialist designs” on China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and planed to take other countermeasures. Both China and Britain took their own national interests and the security of the political power of their own governments as the most important criteria in handling the problems of India and Tibet. However, precisely because both sides approached the South Asia issue with the security of their own political power in mind, the already fragile mutual trust and cooperation between the two allies was gradually damaged and erased. Taking relations with Britain as an example, we can see that in the interactive process of modern Sino-foreign relations, China was not a passive recipient of aggression by the Western powers. The conflicts between China and Britain over the problems of India, Tibet and the South Asian Subcontinent clearly reflect that a Western power, worried about China’s rise, tried to effectively strike back at China.

作者林孝庭

机构地区美国斯坦福大学胡佛研究所

出处《近代史研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2005年第4期32-56,共25页 Modern Chinese History Studies

关键词中英关系中国英国第二次世界大战军事力量

分类号 K152 [历史地理—世界史]

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