摘要
试经剃度制度,就是用测试经业的办法遴选、剃度僧尼的制度,它是中国封建政府控制僧尼剃度权的历史产物,同时又是作为科举制度的蘖生物而出现的。试经剃度制度始创于唐高宗、中宗朝,成于开元以后,至唐末、北宋前期更趋成熟、完善。但由于禅宗的南宗一系提倡顿悟,扫去大量读经拜佛的修行仪式,因而在僧团内部对试经存有一股潜在的抵触力量,影响了试经制度的正常发育。特别是北宋熙宁初期推行卖度牒政策,极大地败坏了僧尼刻苦攻读经业的良好风气,试经制度也渐次变成了纸上的条文,中国历史上兴起的第一次寺院学院化、僧伽学员化的教育活动也随之衰落了。
The tonsuring through Buddhist scriptures＇ test was the system of selecting and tonsuring Buddhists through testing the Buddhist Scriptures. It was a historical result that the power of tonsuring the Buddhist was controlled by the government in Chinese feudal society, and appeared as an accessory to the system of imperial examination. It was initiated during the reign of Emperor Gao Zong and Zhong Zong in the Tang dynasty, formed after Kai Yuan period, and completed at the end of the Tang dynasty and the early stage in the Northern Song dynasty. However, because the southern sect of the Dhyana promoted sudden comprehension, and swept away many practicing ceremonies of reading the Buddhist scriptures＇test in the Buddhist scriptures＇ test, the system＇s normal growth was hindered. Especially, the government pursued a policy of selling the tonsuring certificates in the Xi Ning period of Northern Song, which extremely corrupted the good atmosphere of the Buddhists diligently studying the Buddhist scriptures, and the system gradually became empty clauses. Along with that, the education activities for the temples to get academies and the Buddhists to become scholars, first sprung up in Chinese history, declined.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第8期31-36,共6页
Journal of Historical Science
