9主要包括Arthur, W. B. 1989. Competing teehnologies, inereasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. Economic Journal 99: 116-131; Katz, M. and Shapiro, C. 1986. Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of Political Economy 94: 822-841.
10模型主要采自Arthur. W. B. 1989. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. Economic Journal 97: 642-65及Liebowitz, S. J. and Margolis, S. E, 1996. Should technology choice be a concern for antitrust? Harvard Journal of Lawand Technology 9: 283-318
