摘要
本文探讨汉语词义发展演变的几个问题。派出和派进讨论词义发展的方向。词义的发展演变是有方向的,有的词语会从原先的意思发展出别的意思,我们称之为"派出";派出的意思叫"派出义",具有这些派出义的词就是"派出词"。与之相对应,有些词义,在语言里原本没有词语来表达它,就会从别的词语里派生出一个意思来表达它,也就是说,某一个概念由别的词发展而来,我们把这种词义的演变现象称作"派进";由别的词派生进来的意思叫"派进义",这类派生进来的词就是"派进词"。从语言的发展来看,具有派生功能的这些词语是古老的;而派进的词是后起的。从数量来看,语言里,"派进词"数量最为庞大。假借是文字问题,但跟词义演变有密切关系,滥言假借是不可取的。深层对应是历史比较的一种方法,亲属语言同音词的比较,学者所界定的同音词,可能也有语义上的联系。
This article explores several issues of the development of some Chinese lexical meanings.New meaning can be derived from the original meaning of a word,which can be called'deriving',and the original word is called a'derivative word'.Correspondingly, some other new lexical meanings are attached directly to words.This kind of evolvement of lexical meaning is called'inducting',and those words are called'inductive words'.From the perspective of the development of language,'derivative words'are ancient and'inductive words'are later items.But in terms of number,the richest domain is in the inductive words.Loanwords are concerned about the problem of character,but they are closely related to the lexical evolvement,so it is unacceptable to abuse the loanwords.
出处
《汉语学报》
CSSCI
2011年第3期2-14,95,共14页
Chinese Linguistics
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"汉语核心词研究"(项目编号:10JJD740011)的研究成果
关键词
词义演变
方向
派出
派进
假借
深层对应
evolution of lexical meaning
direction
deriving
inducting
loanword
