摘要
超导体中的电子结成库珀对,凝聚到可以用一个宏观波函数来描绘的能量基态,该波函数的位相是代表了成百万库珀对集体运动的宏观变量.以约瑟夫森结为基础元件的超导约瑟夫森器件,使人们能够控制并测量一个超导体的位相和库珀对数目,因此是研究宏观量子现象的理想系统.文章回顾了约瑟夫森器件中的宏观量子现象研究的发展历程,介绍了当前超导约瑟夫森器件在量子计算中的重要应用,并对它们的未来作了简要的展望.
Electrons in a superconductor form Cooper pairs and thus condense into a ground state which can be described by a macroscopic quantum wavefunction. The phase of the wavefunction represents a collective movement of millions of Cooper pairs. Using devices based on Josephson tunnel junctions we are able to control and detect the phase and number of Cooper pairs in a superconductor. Josephson devices are therefore excellent systems for demonstrating macroscopic quantum phenomena. We present a short review of the macroscopic quantum phenomena in superconducting Josephson devices, as well as their applications and prospects in quantum computationl.
出处
《物理》
CAS
北大核心
2005年第8期578-582,共5页
Physics
