摘要
目的:观察人体头、颈部在高G值复合着陆冲击作用下的损伤成因。方法:实验于2004-06/12在清华大学汽车碰撞实验室进行,选用HybridⅢ汽车碰撞用50百分位男性假人进行一系列典型的低、高+Gz和+Gx复合着陆冲击工况试验。建立有效的人椅系统有限元模型,参考汽车行业头、颈部损伤评价标准,进行头、颈部损伤判定。结果:主要指标的仿真结果峰值误差均小于4G,该模型有较高的逼真性和稳定性;头部损伤指标值超过1000,损伤风险较高;下颈部综合损伤指标值大于1,轴向压力超过6kN,两者均较上颈部严重;易造成下颈椎压缩性骨折、扭伤等颈部伤害。结论:采用有限元仿真方法对头、颈部损伤成因分析具有一定的可信度,可通过合理的座椅结构设计减少头部伤害,但若要减少颈部损伤,尤其是下颈椎的伤害风险,可考虑通过防护装置和下颌接触来分担部分惯性力,从而减少高G值复合作用冲击下的颈部轴向力和一定程度限制头、颈部与躯干的相对运动。
AIM： To observe the cause of head and neck injury under high G landing impact. METHODS： The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Car Crash, Tsinghua University between June and December 2004. Hybrid Ⅲ car crash was selected using 50 percentile rank male dummy to proceed aseries of experiments of typical low, high＋Gz and ＋Gx compound landed impact situation. Using finite element method,we established a dummy-seat model to determine the head-neck injury mechanisms with head-neck injury criterions of automotive industry. RESULTS： The error of emulational peak of main index was all less than 4 G, and the model possessed high fidelity and stability; The head injury index was over 1000 with relative higher injury risk; The score of lower neck colligation injury index was more than 1, and axial force was over 6 kN, which were both serious than that of upper neck; Neck injuries, such as cervical spine compression fracture and sprain, etc., were prone to occur at lower neck. CONCLUSION： Using finite element method on head-neck injury analysis has certain reliability, it is useful to decrease head injury by reasonable seat structure design. However, if to decrease neck injury, especially injury risk of lower neck, the share of inertia with the contact of guard and lower jaw should be used, which can reduce the axial force in neck under high G landing impact and the relative motivation that restricts head, neck and truck in some degree.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第25期28-30,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
