摘要
北京西山不仅以地质构造现象丰富、典型著称，而且发育了十分壮观的似峰丛岩溶地貌和石花洞等大型旅游洞穴。本文研究表明：地质构造和新构造运动是造成区域不同岩溶地貌单元差异的两个重要控制因素。地质构造控制了岩溶发育的宏观选择性作用；新构造运动特点决定了岩溶发育具阶段性和继承性，是该区一些特殊岩溶形态形成、发育的主要动因。
West-Hill of Beijing is well distinguished for its abundant, typical geological structure(including neotectOnic movement).Extremely distinct and magnificant fengcong-like karstgeomorphologic landscape along the Juma River and large-scale karst caves,such as Yunshuicave,Shihua cave and Yinhu cave are developed there,Our research showed that geologicalstructure and neotectonic movement are two important factors responsible for the differenceof various karst geomorphologic units in this area. (1)Geological structure controls macro-selectivity of karstification-the orientation ofvertical joint fissure not only controls the development of chequer-shaped water system alongthe Juma River,which is rather advantageous to the river downcutting, but also is close re-lated to the extension orientation of karst cave,Weak zone of fracture not only controls theposition for karst cave to develop,but also is of important significance for the formation ofcomplicated-pattern caves. (2)Neotectonic movement feature is responsible for the stageness and inheritance ofkarst development, and controls the formation of some specific karst landform. It found fullexpression in the following:(1)staged peneplain, river terraces, layered distribution of karstcave,specially,formation of high-level straths in mountain area and a series of derived fromthemkarst,(2)development of snaking stream,lateral erosion of water and collapse,(3)in-crease in gravity and water energy potential due to intermittent uplift,leading to the geomor-phologic shape response such as multilayered caves,karst canyons,etc.,(4)impelling pre-existing fault to renew and groundwater to pirate surface water. Therefore,the nature and orientation of geological structure and feature of neotectonicmovement controlled karstification in space,and the characteristics of each karst developingstage with corresponding time-sequence relationship.Study on the relation between struc-ture and karst development has contributed to a better understanding of the special law ofkarst development,and to a ascertaining of the anisotropy of karst development from tecton-ic essence.
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第3期231-240,共10页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
地矿部定向科研基金项目
关键词
地质构造
新构造运动
形成
演化
北京
岩溶地貌
geological structure
neotectonic movement
specific karst landform
for-mation and evolution
West-Hill of Beijing.
