摘要
“中国油料仔作物硼、锌营养调控”项目（编号ＡＣＩＡＲ９１２０）是澳大利亚国际农业研究中心资助的中澳国际合作科研项目。经１９９２年７月至１９９４年７月的研究，于１９９４年１１月通过国内外专家的项目成果评估和技术鉴定。研究成果主要有：（１）研究了不同油菜品种耐缺硼的基因型差异及鉴别指标。试验证明油菜移栽后的植株存活率、落叶数比率、叶面积和根系增长速率是鉴别油菜Ｂ──有效品种的重要标志；（２）在中国首次应用甲亚胺测硼方法代替姜黄素法诊断和预测土壤和油菜作物硼的营养状况，改进后的甲亚胺方法与姜黄素法比较，更容易操作和可靠，从而建立了一套适用油菜硼营养诊断和预测的技术和标准。运用这套技术和指标进行了大田油菜的普测，查明浙江省主要油菜产区的缺硼程度和区域分布；（３）在浙江和湖北省的不同土壤类型，不同土壤肥力及水－旱（旱－旱）轮作条件下，较系统地研究了优质单低（低芥酸或低硫代葡萄试含量）、双低（低芥酸和低硫代葡萄甙含量）油菜品种的硼、锌肥施用量、施用方法、硼肥后效及环境因素（水分、温度）等对油菜生长和苗期存活率的影响。试验表明，硼、锌肥肥效与施用方法有关，缺素土壤上，油菜苗期供硼（或锌）是发挥肥效的关键时期；土施硼肥肥效?
The project 'Manageinent of B and
Zni nutrition in oilseed crops in China', cal-led ACIAR Project 9120, is supported by the
Australian Center for International Ag-ricultural Researck (ACIAK).The project was carried out
from July 1992 to July1995, and the achievements of the project obtained have been highly
appraised bythe scientists both at home and abroad with major achievements summarized as
fol-lows: (1) Systematical study on the cultivar difference of oilseed rape in responsesto B
deficiency showed that seedling mortality after transplanting, green leaf areasand root growth
rate are the main plant traits for identifying B-efficient genotypesof rape. (2) It was first in China
to use the Azomethin-H method instead of the Cur-cumin method for diagnosis and prognosis of
B status in soils and rape plants. Theimproved Azometkin-H method was shown to be more
reliable and easier to handlethan the Curcumin method. In addition, a set of techniques and
standards for diag-nosing and predicting B in oilseed rape have been developed. By applying
these te-chniques to survey the farmers' fields, B status and distribution of B-deficient soilsin
Zhejiang Province have been classified.(3) Extensive investigation on B and Zn application
rates, methods as well asresidual effects under different conditions of soil types, fertility levels
and oilseedrape-rice rotation systems showed tbat soil application of fertilizer B is better
thanfoliar application. The residual effect of B fertilizer varied with soil types andapplication
rates. (4) The investigation on the environment-genotype interaction showed that
lowtemperature and dry season during 1-2 month after transplanting were the majorfactors
responsible for high seedling mortality due to B deficiency in oilseed rape.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第4期449-453,共5页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
关键词
油菜
硼肥
锌肥
营养
施肥
施肥量
Boron,
Zinc, Oilseed rape,Nutritional diagnosis
