摘要
心包积液是位于心包脏层和壁层间的无回声暗区，超声诊断十分简单。然而，多年的临床经验告诉我们，这种无回声的暗区，特别是局限性的暗区，常与邻近心脏其它脏器的疾病混淆。本文综述了各种心包疾病的超声诊断特征，并就临床上经常遇到却很少论及的鉴别诊断问题进行了讨论。
Abstract The echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusion is simple and straight forward: pericardial fluid is represented by a sonolucent space that conforms to the anatomical contours of the parietal and visceral pericardium.However,experience has taught us that other types of sonolucent space adjacent to the heart can sometime be mistaken for pericardial effusions and loculated effusions in particular. In this article, we have described the echocardiographic characteristics of pericardial diseases and discussed several potential sources of diagnostic error, most of which may be well known already to experienced and perspicacious echocardiographers, but some useful hints may be found for their routine practice.
