摘要
本文报道了模拟酸雨对小麦、水稻、大豆和白菜的生长与产量影响的试验。模拟酸雨含自然酸雨中已知的离子成分。摸拟酸雨pH值为5.6、4.5、4.0、3.5、3.0、2.5和2.0。结果指出:大豆和白菜叶片的可见伤害阈值为PH2.5,水稻和小麦的可见伤害阈值分别为pH2.0和pH3.0,大豆和白菜的电导度随酸雨的pH值下降而增加,pH3.5的模拟酸雨可引起白菜叶片叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/升绿素b的比值发生变化;pH3.0的模拟酸雨使大豆和小麦叶片叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值改变。pH3.5的模拟酸雨就可抑制白菜生长;PH3.0的模拟酸雨对小麦和大豆生长产生抑制。pH3.5的模拟酸雨造成小麦和白菜减产;pH3.0引起大豆产量下降;pH2.5时,对水稻生长和产量没有影响。大麦和大豆减产主要由酸雨引起籽粒重下降而造成的。
This paper deals with acid precipitation effects on growth and yie-1d of wheat, rice, soybean and Chinese cabbage. Simulated acid precipi-tation contained known concentration of ions of natural acid precipitationin Southern China. The pH values of simulated acid precipitation were5.6, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 2.5 and 2.0. The results indicated that visible damage threshold of soybean andChinese cabbage was 2.5 of pH value, and the visible damage thresholdsof rice and wheat were 2.0 and 3.0 pH values, respectively. Conductivi-ty of soybean and Chinese cabbage increased with decreasing pH valueof acid precipitation. A 3.5 pH value acid precipitation could cause areduction in the chlorophyll content in Chinese cabbage, a 3.0 pH valueacid precipitation could cause a reduction in the chlorophyll content insoybean and wheat. The Ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b waschanged. A pH 3.5 pH value acid precipitation inhibited the growth of Chine-se cabbage, and a 3.0 pH value acid precipitation inhibited the growthof wheat and soybean. A pH 3.5 pH value acid precipitation caused yi-eld reduction of wheat and Chinese cabbage. A 3.0 pH value acid preci-pitation caused yield reduction of soybean. Growth and yield of rice we-re not affected by a 2.5 pH value acid precipitation. The yield reducti-on of wheat and soybean resulted from reduction of seed weight was ma-inly caused by acid precipitation.
关键词
酸雨
农作物
生长
产量
Acid precipitation
Crop
Growth
Yield
