摘要
目的:探讨团体心理干预方式对改善青少年网络成瘾行为的可行性。方法:选择2004-03/05对来青岛市麦岛精神病院就诊的网络成瘾的中学生15人进行为期3个月、共12次的团体心理干预,团体心理干预的具体步骤包括建立团体互助小组、建立稳定的小组关系、团体活动、临床评估和自我报告。并选择无网络成瘾的学生15人为对照组。对两组的学生进行5项量表测试评估。①青少年生活事件量表评估(包括人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、丧失、健康适应、其他共6个因子,27个项目,分为5级评定,1:无;2:轻度;3:中度;4:重度;5:极重度)。②防御方式问卷评估(包括88个项目,分为9级评定,1:完全反对;2:很反对;3:比较反对;4:稍微反对;5:即不反对也不同意;6:稍微同意;7:比较同意;8:很同意;9:完全同意)。③状态与特质性孤独量表评估犤包括2个分量表,状态性孤独量表和特质性孤独量表(状态特质1、状态特质2)。各有12个项目,分为5级评定,1:完全同意;2:同意;3:不确定;4:不同意;5:完全不同意犦。④自我和谐量表评估(包括35个项目。分为5级评定,1:完全不符合;2:比较不符合;3:不确定;4:比较符合;5:完全符合,包括自我与经验的不和协、自我灵活性、自我刻板性3个因子)。⑤幸福感指数评估(包括8个项目,分为7级评定,包括生活无序感、主观幸福感2个因子)。量化评估和分析上网成瘾行为对青少年睡眠、生活无序感、心理防御机制、人际关系、学习压力和家庭关系的影响及心理干预效果。结果:网络成瘾者15人及无网络成瘾者15人均进入结果分析,调查中无脱落者。①网络成瘾青少年与不成瘾青少年身心发展状况比较:网络成瘾青少年在生活无序感、心理防御机制、人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚(家庭)方面评分均高于无网络成瘾青少年(5.73±1.83,4.13±1.45;110.67±11.19,97.80±13.07;18.53±4.05,10.80±2.98;15.46±3.44,10.80±3.36;16.20±5.17,11.33±2.97,P<0.01或P<0.05)。②上网成瘾者心理干预前后的心理素质比较分析:团体心理干预后网络成瘾青少年生活无序感、心理防御方式和人际关系评分均较干预前降低(5.00±1.36,5.73±1.83;93.87±13.52,110.67±11.19;14.47±3.23,18.53±4.05,P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:团体心理干预改善了网络成瘾者的人际关系、心理防御方式和生活无序感等,对青少年网络成瘾行为有较好的改善效果。
AIM：To investigate the feasibility of group psychological intervention in improving the behavior of internet addiction of teenagers.METHODS： From March to May 2004, 15 junior middle school students with internet addiction received 12 times of group psychological intervention for 3 months in Maidao Psychiatric Hospital of Qingdao City. The specific procedure of the group psychological intervention included establishing group of mutual help, founding stable relationship between groups, group activity, clinical evaluation and selfreport. Fifteen students without internet addiction were taken as controls （control group）. All the students in both groups were assessed with 5 scales： ① Adolescent life event scale （including 6 factors of interpersonal sensitivity, stress from learning, being punished, loss,health adaptation and others, totally 27 items evaluated by 5 grades： 1 as none; 2 as mild; 3 as moderate; 4 as severe; 5 as extremely severe）; ② Defense style questionnaire （consisted of 88 items, scored by 9 grades： 1 as completely opposite; 2 as very opposite; 3 as rather opposite; 4 as slightly opposite; 5 as neither opposite nor consent; 6 as slightly consent; 7 as rather consent; 8 as very consent; 9 as completely consent）; ③ State-trait loneliness scale [including 2 subscales of state loneliness scale and trait loneliness scale （state-trait 1 and state-trait 2）, 12 items for each and scored by 5 grades： 1 as completely consent; 2 as consent; 3 as indefinite; 4 as disagreed; 5 as completely disagreed]; ④ Self-cohesion and consistency scale （consisted of 35 items, scored by 5 grades： 1 as completely disaccord; 2 as rather disaccord; 3 as indefinite; 4 as rater accordant; 5 as completely accordant; including 3 factors of inconsistency of self and experience,self-flexibility and self-dullness）. ⑤ Happiness index evaluation（including 8 factors, scored by 7 grade, consisted of 2 factors of feeling of life disorder and subjective feeling of happiness）. The influence of the internet addictive behavior on adolescent sleep, feeling of life disorder, psychological defense style, interpersonal sensitivity,stress from learning and family relationship, and the effect of psychological intervention were quantitatively evaluated and analyzed.RESULTS： All the 30 students with and without internet addiction were involved in the analysis of results, no one missed during the survey. ① Comparison of the physically and mentally developmental status between teenagers with and without internet addiction： The scores of feeling of life disorder, psyehological defense style,interpersonal sensitivity, stress from learning and punishment from family were all higher in the teenagers with internet addiction than those without internet addiction （5.73±1.83, 4.13±1.45; 110.67±11.19,97.80±13.07; 18.53±4.05, 10.80±2.98; 15.46±3.44, 10.80±0.36; 16.20±5.17,11.33±2.97, P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. ② Comparison of psychological quality in the teenagers with internet addiction before and after psychological intervention： After group psychological intervention, the scores of feeling of life disorder, psychological defense style and interpersonal sensitivity were all decreased as compared with those before intervention （5.00±1.36,5.73±1.83; 93.87±13.52,110.67±11.19;14.47±3.23,18.53±4.05, P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Group psychological intervention ameliorates the interpersonal sensitivity, psychological defense style and the feeling of life disorder in internet addicts, and it has better effects in improving the internet addictive behavior in teenagers.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第20期81-83,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
