摘要
本文总结了近年来稀土在土壤、水、大气的环境化学研究工作。我国应用稀土于农业增产有十多年历史,因此,在土壤中稀土元素的行为我国研究相对较多。如已完成全国性的土壤背景值调查,不同类型土壤中可溶态稀土的含量等。稀土在土壤中的结合态、吸附及解吸性质、模拟酸雨对稀土的淋溶,以及外源性稀土进入土壤后形态的变化都有一些报道。在水环境方面,列出了国内外重要河流稀土的浓度,以及稀土元素的分布模式,河流悬浮物和沉积物中稀土的结合态亦有一定的工作,但在水中溶解部分的形态则未见报道。国外对稀土的海洋化学研究相对较多,得到一些有意义的稀土分布规律,并对稀土分馏作用机理作了探讨。大气中稀土化学的研究有三方面的工作:浓度分布;大气中稀土向海洋的迁移;及工业导致的大气污染,这种污染已影响到海域。最后,对稀土在土、水、气各环境中化学行为研究中尚未涉及的或研究不够的方面进行了评述。
This paper summarizes the research progress in the environmental chemistry of rare earth elements(REEs). Application of REEs for agriculture began in 80's in China. Considerable work has been devoter to the behavior of the elements in soil, mainly to its background values, water soluble fraction of different types of soils, association forms in soils, ad/desorption properties, leacthing properties under simulated acidification, as well as chemical trans formation when supplemeneted as fertilizer. With respect to the aquatic chemistry of REEs, its content in several major rivers in China and in the world has been reported. The international publication concentrated on the oceanic chemisty, of which some meaningful results with regard to distribution, refraction and their mechanism were obtained. In the field of REEs atmospheric chemistry, results of concentration distribution in air of different location, transport via air to ocean, pollution emitted from different industries were reported. Through discussion, the authors provide an opinion for future research needs.
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
稀土
环境化学
土壤
水
大气
研究
rare-earth elements
environmental chemistry
review
