摘要
在绿色食品基地北京巨山农场和南口农场分别利用农牧业废弃物(鸡粪、牛粪、稻秆和麦秸)作为原料,根据不同作物营养特性和堆料中营养成分以及堆肥过程中微生物对 C/N 比的需要进行了高温堆肥。对高温堆肥和沤肥在堆肥温度及其对杀灭病虫卵的影响和堆肥过程中碳素物质和氮素形态的转化规律等方面进行了深入地研究。研究结果表明:腐熟的堆肥氮素主要由有机态氮组成;堆肥材料(主要是牲畜粪)中矿质态氮愈多,愈有利于有机氮的生成;高温堆肥有利于腐殖质的合成,腐殖质化作用极显著,并且有利于胡敏酸的形成,HA/FA>1,而沤肥 HA/FA<1;堆肥温度达到65℃时持续时间20～30 d,对大肠菌和粪大肠菌杀灭率达100%,而沤肥无高温期对杀灭病原菌无影响。
High temperature compost(HTC)was underwayed by chicken manure,cow manure、rice and wheat straw as materials of composting in Green Food production base on Jushan farm and Nankou farm in Beijing.During the process of composting,C/N ratio of compost was adjusted to optimize demand of bacteria growth and reproduction.Effects of compost temperature on pathogenic bacteria population and law of C and N transformation during the process of composting were studied.The results showed that Ni- trogen in compost consisted mainly of organic N;The more amount of mineral N in compost raw materials, the more amount of organic N in compost;The content of humic acid in HTC was greater than in water- logged compost(WC),HA/FA ratio was less than 1 in WC,while it was more than 1 in HTC.The com- posting lasted 20-30 days at 65℃;The 100% of coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were eliminated in HTC,but less during WC.
关键词
堆肥
沤肥
碳氮比
病原菌
compost
greenfood
C/N ratio
organic N
