摘要
为解决直升机座舱仪表系统日趋复杂、各种显示装置争夺仪表板显示空间的现象，对国内现有的进口和国产直升机仪表板尺寸及视距进行了实测，研制了“投影式”模拟仪表板视觉效果实验系统，对单座、并列双座左驾驶、并列双座右驾驶三种直升机仪表板的视觉效果进行实验研究。采用信号检测论的研究方法和二因素析因设计，以不同指针指向的无数字模拟刻度盘为“信号”和“噪声”，对96名直升机飞行员进行测试。运用SPSS十统计软件对原始数据进行Duncan检验，对模拟仪表板各视区的视觉效果进行比较，据此将模拟仪表板划分为最佳税区、较佳机区和一般规区三部分。
As the instrument systems of military helicopter cockpit become more and more compli-cated, it is necessary to rationalize the lay-out of instruments on the board. In this experiment,the sizesof instrument boards and the visual distances (distance between pilot's eye and the central point ofboard) were measured. According to these measurements, the simulated instrument board projectionsystem which can be used to simulate the single seat board,left seat and right seat of side by side doubleseats board was developed. The board was divided into 60 visual areas. To study the visual effective-ness of different areas,simulated needle dials without digits were used as visual targets. Ninety-six heli-copter pilots served as subjects. They were asked to discriminate 'signal' or 'noise' depending on thedirection of the needle and the reaction time (RT) was recorded. Two factors design of 4(directions ofthe needle) × 60 (visual areas on the simulated board)was employed. SPSS+statistic software wereused to process the data of RT. Visual effectiveness of different areas according to the RT were com-pared using Duncan test,and simulated instrument board were divided into 3 parts: best visual-area,nextto best visual-area and basic visual-area.
