摘要
目的分析异基因造血干细胞移植(alloHSCT)后重症胃肠道(GI)出血的临床特征、原因、治疗和转归。方法观察并分析15例白血病患者在alloHSCT后发生的急性(导致失血性休克)或亚急性(需要连续2d以上每日输注≥1U红细胞)胃肠道失血。结果15例患者共发生17次重症GI出血事件,发生时间分为早期(1周内)、中期(1～2个月)、晚期(4～7个月)。早期出血均有呕血和便血,中、晚期出血以便血为多见。出血发生时,绝大多数患者血小板<50×109/L。出血原因:预处理不良反应2例次;移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)或伴有(或疑诊)肠道巨细胞病毒(CMV)和真菌感染因素11例12例次;CMV肠炎1例次;消化性溃疡出血2例次;不明原因1例次。经过输注血小板、红细胞和新鲜血浆以及H2受体阻滞剂和奥美拉唑等支持治疗,由GVHD或伴有(或疑诊)CMV肠炎所致的出血同时予以免疫抑制剂和(或)抗病毒药等针对出血病因的治疗,最终8例9例次出血得以控制,8例患者持续出血直至死亡,主要死因为难治的急性GVHD和(或)相关合并症。结论alloHSCT后重症GI出血的主要原因为预处理不良反应和GVHD或伴有(或疑诊)CMV肠炎,前者多为自限性,预后良好,后者治疗难度较大,具有高度的病死率。
ObjectiveTo analyze the features, causes, treatments and outcomes of severe gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods Fifteen patients suffered from massive GI bleeding (blood loss leading to hemorrhagic shock) or subacute GI bleeding (at least 1 or more units of red blood cell transfusion on each of two consecutive days) were observed and analyzed after allo-HSCT.ResultsSeventeen severe GI bleeding episodes occurred in 15 patients. The severe bleeding occurred in three periods of time: within 1 week, 1 to 2 months and 4 to 7 months after transplantation. The main manifestation was hematemesis and hematochezia in the first period, and hematochezia alone in the second and third periods. Platelet counts at the onset of severe bleeding were ≤ 50×10 9/L in the majority of patients. Causes of bleeding were conditioning regimen-related toxicity in 2 patients / episodes, graft versus host disease (GVHD) or / and intestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) or fungal infections in 11 patients /12 episodes, intestinal CMV infections in 1 patient / episode, acid-peptic ulcer in 2 patients / episodes,and cause unknown in 1 patient / episode. Supportive care such as transfusions of platelet, red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma, H2 receptor blockers and omeprazole were given to all patients, immunosuppressive drugs to patients developed GVHD and antiviral drugs to patients with complicated CMV infection. Eight patients / 9 episodes of bleeding were controlled. Eight patients continued severe GI bleeding and died of acute GVHD or related serious complications.ConclusionsSevere GI bleeding after allo-HSCT are mainly caused by regimen-related toxicity, GVHD or / and intestinal CMV infection. Bleeding caused by conditioning regimen-related toxicity is self-limited and has a better prognosis. However, treatment failure and mortality are high if the patient’s bleeding resulted from GVHD and intestinal CMV infection.
出处
《中华血液学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期277-280,共4页
Chinese Journal of Hematology
