摘要
根据土壤地球化学分类原则，长江三峡地区主要植茶土壤为硅铝质铁铝土、钾硅质铁铝土和硅铁质铁铝土３种土壤地球化学类型。硅铝质铁铝土的特点是土壤质地粗，剖面分异明显，硅、铝、钾含量高，铁、钙、镁含量低：钾硅质铁铝土多为砂壤质，硅、钾含量较高；硅铁质铁铝土土层深厚，质地粘重，铁、铝含量高，磷、钾含量低。土壤地球化学特征与茶叶品质的关系至为密切。砂质土有利于提高茶叶氨基酸含量，而粘质土则会使氨基酸含量降低；较高的盐基含量会降低茶叶茶多酚、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量，但有利于氨基酸形成；速效磷与水浸出物成显著正相关，但与咖啡碱成显著负相关；缓效钾与氨基酸成正相关。从总体上看，硅铝质铁铝土上产出的茶叶品质较高，适宜植茶，硅铁质铁铝土上茶叶品质欠佳，如无特殊改良措施，不宜开辟为茶园。
Tea plants in the Three Gorges area mainly grow on three soil geochem-ical types:siallitic ferrallisols, potash-silicic ferrallisols,and siferric ferralli-sols,Siallitic ferrallisols have light soil texture,high content of Si,Al,and K,and low content of Fe,Ca,and Mg; Potash-silicic ferrallisols usually have sandy-loam soil texture and high content of Si and K; and siferric ferral lisols are usually deep and clay,and containt more Si and Fe, and less P and K. Relationship between soil geochemical characteristics and tea quality is close. Sandy soil can promote the increase of amino acid in the tea,clayey soil, on the contrary,make it decrease; higher base content decreases thealkaloid caffeine,polyphenols,and water-extracted matters,but may be ben-eficial for the formation of amino acid.Quickly available P has significant positive correlation with water-extracted matters,but it has significant nega-tive correlation with alkaloid caffeine. Slow-released K has significant positive correlation with amino acid. Tea plants on the siallic ferrallisols and potash-silicic ferallisols usually produce higher quality tea than that on the siferricferrallisols.So,the former two soil types are suitable to plant tea, and thethird type is unsuitable if no special improving method is elnployed.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期253-260,共8页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
关键词
茶园
土壤
地球化学
茶叶
品质
The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River
Tea-garden soils
Geochemistry
Tea quality
