摘要
"大明宝钞"从洪武八年(1375)发行起,其购买力一直下跌,加上纸币流通不广,且认受性低,故在15世纪初期已经完全被市场淘汰,只有官府仍然有限度地使用。传统史家一般把明代纸币失败的原因,归咎于政府滥发钞票所致,这似乎把问题过于简单化,而忽略货币制度的设计与推行的问题。"大明宝钞"失败的原因除了因为发钞过多外,其致命伤更在于制度上的设计不足,特别是明政府在未建立公众信心以前,没有效法宋、元为纸币设立准备金制度,以稳固"大明宝钞"的币值。
'The Ming Notes' were issued in 1375,and since then they kept on depreciating throughout the Ming era. Equally worse,the circulation of the Ming Notes was very narrow and the designed popularity had never achieved.Accordingly, the Ming Notes were displaced out of the private sector at the beginning of the 15th century. By then, the only usage of the Ming Notes was confined to government transactions but to a limited extent.Traditional historians took it for granted that the failure of the Ming Notes was simply due to its over-supply, overlooking the boarder problems caused by improper monetary system design and poor implementation. This article aims to offer a new perspective of looking at the problem and to put forward a systematic analysis of the failure of the Ming Notes. In a nutshell, this article concludes that the root cause for the collapse of the Ming Notes is, other than its over-supply, the failure of the entire monetary system. As an example, the Ming government was ignorant and never introduced or maintained a reserve mechanism. Without reserve mechanism, the market value of a currency was at stake!
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2005年第1期65-74,共10页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
明代
纸币
大明宝钞
货币制度
Ming dynasty
bank notes
Ming notes
money systems
