摘要
热力学单组分、多组分体系方向限度判据有七种之多，其本质皆为热力学第二定律．其中熵变为基本判据，其他条件下的各种判据都可归结为孤立体系熵增大的方向为自发过程的方向；各判据宏观物理意义上都可归结为自发过程是孤立体系可利用能量减少不可利用能量增加的方向；各判据的统计意义都可归结为自发过程是孤立体系微观状态数。
There are seven kinds of directional limits'criterions of thermodynamical single-component system or a many-component system, but all of the criterions'essence belong to the Second Law of thermodynamics.Among them the change of entropy is essencial criterion, according to the other conditions it can be drawn a conclusion that the direction of entropy's increasing is the direction of a spontaneous processin an isolated system,and in macroscopic physical scope we can draw a conclusion that the spontaneous process is the derection of decreasing of useful energy and increasing of unuseful energy.Furthermore, the statistical meanings of all the criterions have a consistence,that is,the spontaneous process is the direction of increasing of number of micro-state and partition function.
出处
《首都师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
1994年第4期47-52,共6页
Journal of Capital Normal University：Natural Science Edition
关键词
判据
熵
热力学第二定律
化学热力学
criterion,entropy,thermodynamics,the second law of thermodynamies
