摘要
根据课题组对中国主要作物病害抗药性监测、抗药性分子机理和有关杀菌剂抗性治理进行研究的结果，发现中国小麦赤霉病菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂已存在田间抗性，并证实禾谷镰刀菌在室内可发生频率为１０－６～１０－８的多菌灵抗药性变异；苏、沪等地的果、蔬灰霉病菌、水稻恶苗病菌以及北方甜菜褐斑病菌已普遍发生对多菌灵的抗药性，多菌灵在部分田块失去了防效。南方单、双季稻区已存在抗异稻瘟净的稻瘟病菌群体，其中广西平南抗药菌株占自然群体比例高达９１．７％，与克瘟散存在交互抗性和部分菌株对稻瘟灵存在交互抗性。但并未发现稻纹枯病菌对井冈霉素产生抗药性。抗药性的机制研究表明，三唑醇抑制Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｐｏｒａｃｒａｓｓａ甾醇脱甲基酶活性，ＲＩＰ突变菌株增加对三唑醇的排泄作用，药剂在菌株体内积累减少而降低对靶标酶抑制作用；抗三唑醇Ｕｓｔｉｌａｇｏｍａｙｄｉｓ麦角甾醇营养缺陷体，在无甾醇条件下长期培养能恢复△７甾醇合成和正常生长及增加对三唑醇的敏感性；大麦云纹病菌对多菌灵的抗性则因菌体β－微管蛋白与多菌灵亲和性下降；水稻白叶枯病菌对噻唑类杀菌剂的敏感性可能与无毒基因有关。并提出了治理抗药性的措施，特别是施用新合成的高效、广谱种子消毒剂浸种灵（ＴＨ－８?
Monitoring for resistance of economically emportant plant pathogens to fungicides, molecular mechanism and managements of fungicide resistance have been studied by the research group since 1985.The results showed that in some regions resistant populations formed in Pyricularia to phosphorothiolates and isoprothiolane, in Fusarium monilofvrme,F.graminearum,Botrytis cinerea,Cercospora and so on to benzimidazole fungicides.Of 474 isolates of Thanatephorusm cucumeris,however,none showed altered sensitivity to jinggangmycin antibiotic which has been used since the 1970s.Molecular mechanisms of DMI fungicide resistance were approached by GC-MS analysis of sterol compeitions in a RIP mutant of Nurospora crassa and an ergosterol requirement mutant of Ustilago maydis.Results confirmed that triazole fungicides inhibit bioactivity of 14α-demethylase involved in ergosterol synthesis.Resistant mutant appeared more efflux of the fungicide than that of wild-type.Resistance mechanism of Rhyn lis to MBC is less affinity of β-tubulin to the fungicide.The sensitivity of Xanthomonas of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae to thiazoles was possibly related to avirulent gene and cross-resistance existed between thiazole compounds.The strategies against resistance of B.cinerea to benzimidazoles were evaluated and a novel seed.treatment agent was developed to control F.moniliforme resistance to benzimidazoles.
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期33-41,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家"七五"和"八五"有关科技攻关课题
国家自然科学基金
欧共体(EEC)"CII-CT93-0013"国际合作课题
联合国工发组织国际遗传工程与生物技术中心(UNIDO-ICGEB)"93/229/IR"国际合作课题
关键词
杀菌剂
抗药性
监测
病害防治
fungicide
resitance
monitoring:mechanism of resistance
plant disease control
