摘要
本文通过对３ａ田间试验资料的统计分析，探讨了轮作制、秸秆覆盖和施肥等农业措施对豫西丘陵旱地土壤水分利用的影响。结果表明：１．轮作制的选择应以雨季耗水较少的小麦—谷子轮作为主。小麦—玉米轮作虽然耗水较多，但在雨水丰沛的年份其水分利用效率要较小麦—谷子、小麦—花生及小麦—红薯等轮作制为高。２．秸秆覆盖的保水作用在雨季表现较明显，且主要是提高了表层０～３０ｃｍ土层土壤水分的有效性。作物的产量、水分利用效率与覆盖量呈显著正相关。在干旱情况下覆盖的保水效果较差。３．施肥可明显提高作物产量和水分利用效率，但对土壤水分的影响较小。单施磷肥要比单施氨肥提高小麦产量１２．１％～２５．１％，提高水分利用效率１．４７～２．３４，而玉米对单施氮、磷的表现差异较小。
Based upon the analysis of the data of three-year field experiments,this paperdiscussed the effect of different agricultural measures,such as rotation sysetms,strawmultching and fertilizing,on the utilization of soil water in hilly drought area in westHenan. The results showed that:1.The best rotation system should major in wheat-milletrotation,which consumed less water in rainy seasons,Although wheat-corn rotation con-sumed more water in rainy years,its water use efficency (WUE)was higher than the oth-ers,such as wheat-millet,wheat-peanut and wheat-sweet potato rotations.2.The effect ofsoil water conservation throuhg multching was quite significant in rainy seasons,and fur-thermore,multching improved the availability of soil water in the uplayer 0～30cm. Theyields and WUE of the crops were positively related to the amount of multching.Underdrought conditions,the effect of water conservation through multching was not very signif-icant.3.Manuring could significantly improve the yields and WUE of crops,but barely af-fect the consumption of soil wafer, Monomanuring of P instead of N could increase theyield of wheat by 12.1%～25.1%,and WUE by 1. 47～2.34kg%mm·hm￣2,but the differ-ence between monomanuring P and N on corn was not so significant.
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
1994年第1期61-66,共6页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
关键词
旱地
轮作制
施肥
土壤含水量
drought land
rotation system
straw multching
manuring
water use efficiency
