摘要
本文结合毛里塔尼亚友谊港下游冲刷模型的试验研究探讨了海岸波浪动床模型的相似律和试验波浪要素的确定。作者推导获得了同时满足波浪作用下岸滩剖面冲淤相似、沿程冲淤部位相似、泥沙起动相似和沉降相似的综合相似比尺公式：解决了波浪冲刷动床模型的基本相似问题和模型砂的选砂问题。对于常浪向与强浪向不一致的海岸，作者提出了采用综合考虑波高、波周期（或波长）和波向作用的波能流沿岸输沙公式加权平均法来计算和确定模型试验的合成波向角。作者研究了国外沿岸输沙资料，计算比较了毛里塔尼亚友谊港附近各级尺度波浪引起的沿岸输沙量，论证了大洋沿岸的输沙和冲刷绝大部分发生在大中浪期间。据此，作者提出了模型试验的波高和波周期可采用一定尺度以上的大中浪的均方根波高和相应的波周期。此外，作者还探讨了海岸动床模型的试验范围和动床深度等。毛里塔尼亚友谊港下游冲刷模型试验的成功，证实了以上理论和方法的正确性、可靠性和有效性。
Associated with tests of erosion model for the downcoast of Friendship Harbor in Mauritania,the similarity of the coastal mobile bed model (CMBM) and the determination of wave factors in CMBM have been discussed in this paper. The author has derived a comprehensive formula of similarity scale which satisfies not only the similarity of scour positions and sedimentation positions along beach profiles and along the shore line,but also the similarity of sediment velocities of falling and initiative motion under the action of wave. Thus,problems of the essential similarity of CMBM for wave erosion and problems of the selection of modeling sand have been solved. The author suggested that the weightedmean angle of wave direction,applying the formula of the wave-energy current which takes the wave height, the wave period and wave direction as main factors for longshore transport,can be adopted in calculating and determining the resultant wave direction in modeling tests. Having studied materials of longshore transport in many countries and calculated the different amounts of longshore transport caused by different strength range of waves along the beach near the Friendship Harbor,the author concluded that the most part of longshore sediment transport and the most part of coast erosion occur during the surge and medium wave. For this reason,the mean-squareroot height of surge wave and medium wave above certain size and the corresponding wave period can be proposed as the representative wave height and wave period to be applied in modeling. The modeling area of CMBM and the depth of mobile bed have also been discussed in the paper. The success of this modeling test shows the correctness, reliability and effectiveness of the methods and theroies mentioned above.
出处
《海洋工程》
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期42-53,共12页
The Ocean Engineering
关键词
海岸动脉模型
波浪
冲刷试验模型
coastal mobile bed model, shore protection, erosion.
