摘要
自然灾害的发生过程是不稳定能量积累的释放过程，它是一个高强度的耗散过程，耗散强度可以用局域熵产生来描述，根据地表温度和能量通量纬度分布的观测资料计算了局域熵产生的纬度分布，发现它与自然灾害的纬度分布十分接近。据此研究了自然灾害纬带群聚性的成因机制。同时，对地球系统熵的收支分布和熵产生作了计算，给出了它们的整体运作图像。
The concentration of heavier assorted natural hazards in the Northern Hemisphere between latitude belts (25～ 45°N) has been demonstrated by many historical data, however, the causes have not been clear. Natural hazards are defined as the processes of releasing unstable accumulated energies, and also the stronger dissipative processes, which can be described by the local entropy production. The latitudinal distribution of the local entropy production can be calculated from equations derived from the dissipative structure theory and data acquired by satellite. It's found coinciding closely with the occurrence of the latitudinal distribution of heavier natural hazards.This leads to the conclusion that the local imbalance between incoming radiation and outgoing radiation is responsible for the naural hazards which occur in the latitude belts. Natural hazards result from interactions among four spheres of the Earth and are induced by astronomical factors. The correlation between natural hazards and astronomical factors can be explained.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
1994年第2期276-280,共5页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
自然灾害
熵产生
地球系统
natural hazards
negative entropy flow
entropy production
