摘要
以不同年龄苹果幼树为试材,研究了几种植物生长调节物质对幼树营养生长、越冬"抽条"、花芽形成和座果的影响。结果表明,对定植当年和第二年的幼树,点涂含有细胞分裂素和微量元素的制剂——"点枝灵"软膏,可以定位促进当年生芽萌发抽梢,增加1～2次新梢发生量,从而促进幼树营养生长,使其迅速达到早结丰产所需的枝量(比对照至少早1～2年);对1～2年生幼树于早春2～3月喷施2次100倍"防抽灵",可以防止苹果幼树越冬"抽条",而对照"抽条"率达40%。应用烯效唑和刻芽环剥技术可以使苹果幼树适期成花或提早成花,而且达到丰产所需的成花数量。应用多效唑或烯效唑和"果丰素"技术可以明显提高苹果座果率(比对照增加约1倍)。
The effect of some plant growth regulating substances on vegetable growth,bud sprout- ing.'shoot withering'in late winter,flower bud formation and fruit setting of the young apple trees of different cultivars were studied.Daub of'Dianzhiling'ointment(a preparation consisting of CTK and mineral elements)to buds of shoot in the same and the second year of planting can significantly enhance bud sprouting to form shoots and thus increased vegetative growth(to two to many times than the control).However,the length of shoot sprouting differed greatly at diffecent period,the shoot length daubed in July was longer than that in August.100 times diluted spray of'Fanchouling'(a preparation re- ducing water evaporation and increasing cold resistance)at 20,February and 3,march to 1-or 2-year-old apple trees can markedly increase cold resistance and reduce shoot transpiration in late winter.Therefore it is effective in ameliorating'shoot withering'caused by the loss of water.To 2-year-old apple trees,200 mg·L^(-1)of Uniconazole were sprayed twice on 10 and 20,June,the shoots ring cut 15～20 cm apart on 3. April,and the trunk girdled at 0.8 cm width on 6.June.1992.significantly increased the number of spurs and the amount of return bloom in the next year following treatment.The effect of three treatments to- gether was greater than that of single treatment.To 3 or 5-year-old‘Red Fuji’apple trees,soil applica- tion of paclobutrazol at 1.5 g ai per tree on March or foliar spray of uniconazole twice at 200 mg·L^(-1)on 6 and 10 June,or foliar spray of'Guofengsu'(a preparation consisting of amino and mineral elements) were treated twice at 500 times dilution.1 and 10 days after full-bloom,significantly increased fruit setting. Fruit setting of paclobutrazol or uniconazole and'Guofengsu'-combined treatment was markedly higher than that of paclobutrazol or uniconazole or'Guofengsu'treated singly.
基金
农业部八五重点课题的一部分
关键词
苹果
幼树
施肥
系统化控
生长结果
萌芽抽梢
apple
young age tree
systematic-chemical-regulating technology
growth and fruiting
shoot withering in late winter
bud sprouting to form shoots
